except perhaps Question 2 - the "beginning of everything within the universe" would seem to exclude the possibility of God creating something.
Not really. What is typically described as the big bang (really, the sudden and rapid expansion of the very early universe) doesn't exclude divine activity.
There is a common modern notion that natural processes and divine activity stand as some sort of antithesis to one another, that is a naturalistic explanation or a natural process means the absence of God. That's really a pretty modern way of thinking and doesn't really jive with the biblical perspective or more historic and traditional Christian ways of thinking.
I often like to take the example of reproduction and conception, because most Christians will readily accept the statement that God created us in our mother's womb. Yet, we know exactly how sexual reproduction works, how conception and embryonic development works; the entire process is described in purely and entirely naturalistic language and does not demand that we bring God in to explain the process. But that naturalistic explanation doesn't take God out of the process; it's not an either-or issue. Sexual reproduction, conception, and embryonic development
is an entirely natural process,
and it is correct to say that God formed us in our mother's womb.
Natural processes and divine activity are not separate things; God's activity and power is exercised in and through the universe by the natural processes. So we can have an accurate, naturalistic understanding of physics while also confessing that "in Him all things all things hold together" (Colossians 1:17).
God, in Christianity, is not a distant cosmic clock-maker; He is the Author and Sustainer of all creation. When science provides naturalistic explanations for how the universe works, this does not remove God from His place as the sovereign Lord over all things, but instead explains the creation which He has made and explains how He has established it, and through which His glory is given witness, "The heavens declare the glory of God..." writes the Psalmist.
The big bang, therefore, isn't the exclusion of divine power and providence, it is fully subsumed within it.
-CryptoLutheran