Sanoy
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Here is a text that comes from the surrounding ANE material that may help in understanding how the ANE cultures saw the heavenly realms and planets. It comes from the Legend of Etana, which is a non Christian Babylonian text. He is a nimrod like character that climbs on the back of an eagle and flies through the heavens to get a plant.
"Once more the eagle flew one league into the air, and Etana looked down and saw that the land and rivers were greatly diminished. The eagle flew a second league into the air, and Etana looked down and saw that the land was very small and the rivers were tiny trickles. The eagle flew a third league into the air, and Etana looked down and could not see the land at all. He was sorely afraid, but still he clung tightly to the eagle until at last they arrived in the heavens.
Together they passed through the gates of Anu, Ellil, and Ea, and they made obeisance. Together they passed through the gates of Sin, Shamash, Adad, and Ishtar, and they made obeisance. They came to the throne of Ishtar, and she smiled upon them, and gave the plant of birth to Etana, and made known to him its use.
So basically Etana flys outside the atmosphere of earth and then goes through these 7 gates in heaven which is the same number of classical planets. The moon, Mercury, Venus, the sun, Mars, and Jupiter. It's hard to understand what they were thinking given our current cosmology but it might be best to view it as bubble realms rather than solar system rings. So the Jews may be adopting this same idea of seven linear heavens, in relation to the 7 classical planets. But since the planets were "wandering stars" (disobedient angels) they likely viewed the levels as simply a hierarchical division.
"Once more the eagle flew one league into the air, and Etana looked down and saw that the land and rivers were greatly diminished. The eagle flew a second league into the air, and Etana looked down and saw that the land was very small and the rivers were tiny trickles. The eagle flew a third league into the air, and Etana looked down and could not see the land at all. He was sorely afraid, but still he clung tightly to the eagle until at last they arrived in the heavens.
Together they passed through the gates of Anu, Ellil, and Ea, and they made obeisance. Together they passed through the gates of Sin, Shamash, Adad, and Ishtar, and they made obeisance. They came to the throne of Ishtar, and she smiled upon them, and gave the plant of birth to Etana, and made known to him its use.
So basically Etana flys outside the atmosphere of earth and then goes through these 7 gates in heaven which is the same number of classical planets. The moon, Mercury, Venus, the sun, Mars, and Jupiter. It's hard to understand what they were thinking given our current cosmology but it might be best to view it as bubble realms rather than solar system rings. So the Jews may be adopting this same idea of seven linear heavens, in relation to the 7 classical planets. But since the planets were "wandering stars" (disobedient angels) they likely viewed the levels as simply a hierarchical division.
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