There's a lot more involved than just going to a gun store and buying a handgun in Canada.
Canada's laws are meaningfully stricter than those in the US.
- All gun owners have to be licensed, and all handguns and most semiautomatic weapons have to be registered.
- Handguns can't be carried out of the home, either concealed or openly, except with a specific license, which is usually only given to people who need guns for work.
- Licenses require training in gun safety and an extensive background check.
- Guns have to be kept locked and unloaded.
Safety Course
Canadians seeking to own a handgun have been required to prove that they practiced at an approved shooting range, or otherwise show that they are a gun collector...
Those looking to purchase any type of gun are also required to complete an in-person safety course. Then, Canadians must take a written and practical test that includes topics on the evolution of firearms and their major parts, safety practices, firing technique and procedures, and how to store a firearm safely, among other things.
References
The Canadian government also requires people to provide at least two character references before purchasing a gun. In addition, Canadians must list the names of partners they have lived with in the last two years, who are each required to sign the gun application or be notified by the police before a firearm is bought.
Permit Application/ Background Check
Canadians must also apply for a firearms permit, and wait at least 28 days before processing begins. Then, individuals must pass a background check that takes into account any criminal record, mental health history, substance addiction and domestic violence incidents.
Step 1 – Safety course
The first step on the road to legal firearm ownership is the Canadian Firearms Safety Course (CFSC).
Step 2 – Safety exam
The Canadian Firearms Safety Course Exam covers the material taught in the safety course. It has two components: a written multiple choice section and a practical firearms-handling portion. There is no live-fire testing.
The written part of the exam has 50 multiple choice questions. Applicants must answer at least 80% correctly in order to successfully complete this portion of the exam.
Step 3 – The application
Processing a firearms licence application involves a variety of background checks. In some cases, in-depth investigations are conducted. The RCMP requires a minimum of 45 days to process a firearms licence application.
Step 4 – Waiting period
There is a minimum 28-day waiting period for all applicants who do not presently hold a valid firearms licence. Once this waiting period is complete, the licence should be issued without undue delay.
Buying a handgun
To purchase a new handgun, a Canadian has to present their licence at a gun store. The store still has to contact the firearms centre, who will speak to the buyer to verify their identity and that they want to purchase the gun in question. They will then issue a temporary transfer that allows the buyer to take possession of the gun—it usually takes a few days. It still takes a few weeks for a buyer to receive the registration certificate for the gun. To buy online, the buyer would have to first get set up with an online gun dealer, which requires scanning and sending in a copy of their PAL and gun club membership.
Transporting a handgun
Unlike the US, Canada places severe restrictions on transporting handguns. Owners are required to have an Authorization to Transport that allows them to move their restricted gun using the most direct route to and from one of five places, said Rod Giltaca, executive director of the Canadian Coalition for Firearm Rights. Those places are: the owner’s house, a border crossing (just up until the nearest border crossing, it doesn’t authorize someone to transport guns across the US border), a gunsmith, a peace officer to turn in a firearm for destruction or to have it verified, and an approved shooting range in the owner’s area. It’s a federal offence to take a restricted gun places other than those approved by the ATT.
Storage
Restricted gun owners must store their gun in one of two ways. Either unloaded with a trigger or cable lock in a locked box—ammo in the box is OK, or unloaded in a safe—ammo in the safe is OK. When transporting a restricted gun, it must be unloaded with a secure locking device on it, such as a trigger or cable lock, and it must be in a locked case that can’t accidentally open during transport.
Licensing Process – Firearms Law Canada.
Canada's Handgun Laws Are Stricter Than You Think