I am very grateful for this post sir, thankyou.
Well on behalf of what ever wisdom God has been gracious enough to impart unto me; you're welcome.
And P.S. I'm female. 48 years old with a teenage son.
In the beginning you mentioned the "work gospel", what is this?
A works gospel is any theology that says "You have to do X; in order to get right with God before He'll save you; or if you don't do X, you'll lose your salvation."
And since you're asking questions about angels. Here's a "run down" of the gospel from God's perspective.
"All right, peeps of the Trinity, let's make a universe."
This is another hypothesis; but it seems this is the case, because of all theories of where evil originated from; this one makes the only logical sense.
Error #1 - Evil originated as some cast off character trait of God's. There is no shadow of turning in God. He does not possess evil. The proof that this is the case was that He was able to create anything to begin with. A house divided can not stand; so a God who had any degree of evil would not be able to create anything because He'd be in constant conflict.
Error #2 - God created Adam with an inherent nature to transgress. This error hearkens back to error #1. A God who does not possess evil within Himself does not create something that does.
So, theory on the origin of evil:
God knew as part of possessing the knowledge of good and evil; that as soon as He created anything the theoretical opposite of Him would become part of that creation. This idea comes from the laws of physics. To every action is an equal and oppisit reaction.
Now since God is an eternally existent entity; the "opposite" of all of His attributes only existed in theory. Now God possessed that knowledge, but being by nature the entity that He is, could not be corrupted by that knowledge. Anything He created though could be, because it was not of the same nature He Himself was. So as soon as God "did" something, the theoretical opposite of what He was, becomes part of what He creates. And this is what I believe is the origin of evil. It is the natural reaction to God's action of creating something where there once was only Him.
Now what God creates has an origin point; (not from everlasting to everlasting), it has limits of time and space; (not omnipresent), it has limits of the energy it is capable to expending; (not omnipotent), it has limits in it's capacity of knowledge and wisdom; (not omniscient). And because of all these limits; everything that God created had the capability of being corrupted. The consequence of that corruption is death. (not immortal).
So God knowing this was going to happen; had to "figure out" a way to counter act that. The only way He could do it was to become part of the creation; thus the incarnation. So God designs a created entity to be His image bearer and this is where humanity comes from. They are created male and female because God knows they need the capacity to reproduce because God knows eventually death is going to "get them". He knows the fall is coming; that's part of being omniscient.
Now is there some place in this current course of time that God created a universe on some other dimension that was never capable of being corrupted? That's possible. We know that's possible because He will recreate this universe incorruptible. But in order to get to that step; He has to take "evil" out of the equation.
And taking evil out of the equation is the "primary purpose" of the atonement. The "secondary purpose" was to deal with the consequence of disobedience. The consequence of disobedience is "death" (the wrath of God, coupled with severance of the relationship between Him and the creation, ultimately resulting in the physical death of all carbon based life; so God had to contend with those perimeters.
So, "tree of the knowledge of good and evil" in Eden. Note it's not the tree of good and evil; it's the tree of the
knowledge of good and evil. Evil existed in Adam and Eve's environment; they just had no knowledge of it, nor the consequence of its existence until they transgressed.
If my hypothesis is correct; this means "evil" existed from the very first time: "In the beginning God...."
So God knowing this; had to come up with a plan to prevent evil from destroying everything God made. The plan was to become part of the creation because evil is incapable of consuming God; simply because of what God is!
So before the foundations of the world. Before He even creates anything; He plans out what He will do to overcome evil. God plans out His redemption plan, including all who'd become redeemed through the course of time and God actually accomplishes this atoning process in God's space that is without time. Now how He does that? I don't know. Revelation though does tell us that Jesus was the lamb "slain from the foundation of the world". So, this is why the Scripture says those who are atoned for (those who are elect) are chosen and predestine to that salvation from the foundations of the world. Not a very popular doctrine in some circles; but certainly Scriptural.
And here is where this comes "full circle" of your question: "What is a work's gospel?"
God plans out and executes His entire redemption plan outside of the actions / choices of human (or any other) entities. Scripture never tells us how or why God chose those He would redeem; other than it's not based on anything they did or didn't do. All of humanity bears the same probability of being elect; because none of us are worthy of redemption.
If we got what was fair and what we all deserved, we would all be condemned for our sin.
Now I'll come back and answer the rest of your questions as well as I want to explain how the redemption plan unfolded; and what actually happened to Jesus "in real time". Now of course trying to explain that, entails explaining how God deals with the independent decision making capacity of created beings. Not just angels and humans but also animals. All are capable of making choices that are independent of the choices, desires of other entities. If you've ever tried to train domesticated animals; you know exactly what I'm talking about. LOL (Cats being the pinnacle of "I'm going to do it my way." of the domesticated animal world.)
I'll get back to you with the rest of it. I'm off to a small group Bible study right now.