Calvinism is a set of five doctrines (known through the acronym of TULIP) that arose in the 16th Century. That's 1500 years after Christ, after the Church began. I guess the Church was really stupid for 1500 years.
It makes perfect logical sense, with each point supporting the other four points. The problem is, IT PROPOSES A GOD WHO IS A MONSTER, who creates people with no chance of receiving the gosple and then tortures them for all eternity in hell for no other reason that that He wishes it (that they did not, at his choice, receive the gospel). In Calvinism, Jesus God doesn't so love the WORLD that he gave his only begotten soon, but instead Christ dies ONLY for Christians. We don't choose Christ, but are like computer programs that can only do what God has preprogrammed.
Total Depravity (also known as Total Inability and Original Sin) - There is no goodness in us at all, NONE -- forget being made in the image of God.
Unconditional Election - Salvation is not based on anything we do, not on our faith, not on our baptism, not on our beliefs -- all these things are God's doing, and not ours. Our salvations was planned before the beginning of the universe and is based on God's whim, not a reason that has anything to do with us.
Limited Atonement (also known as Particular Atonement) - Jesus died only for those he has chosen in advance to be saved.
Irresistible Grace - We cannot choose to resist salvation -- again, we are total robots just doing what God has preplanned. THERE IS NO FREE WILL, only God's will.
Perseverance of the Saints - Also known as Once Saved Always Saved. If a Christian murders someone and dies before they repent again, well then they weren't really a Christian in the first place. If a Christian leaves the Church and joins another religion, then they weren't really a Christian in the first place. This is circular reasoning, and not what the early Church believed. The early Church believed in Apostacy.