An article on Hell:
THE REALITY OF HELL by Bob L. Ross
The Bible was written in three languages: Hebrew (Old Testament), Chaldee (portion of Daniel), and Greek (New Testament). The Bible that we have today is a translation of the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Greek writings into our language. There are many translations of the Bible, the most popular being the King James Version, which you probably own.
The Word Hell in the King James Version
There are four words in the KJV translated Hell. Of these four words, only one of them is used in the Old Testament. That word is the Hebrew word Sheol.
In the New Testament, the three words translated Hell are Hades, Gehenna, and Tatarus, all Greek words.
What Do These Words Mean?
1. The Hebrew word Sheol is translated:
Hell31 times, as in Psalm 9:17: The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God.
Grave31 times, as in Ecclesiastes 9:10: Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest.
Pit3 times, as in Job 17:16: They shall go down to the bars of the pit, when our rest together is in the dust.
But actually, the Hebrew word Sheol does not mean either Hell, grave, of pit. It means the unseen world or the place of departed spirits. Notice how it is defined:
Strongs Hebrew and Chaldee Dictionary says that Sheol is the world of the dead.
Youngs Analytical Concordance says that Sheol is the unseen state.
Smiths Bible Dictionary says that Sheol is always the abode of departed spirits.
Faussets Bible Dictionary and Encyclopedia says that Sheol is the receptacle of the dead.
So Sheol does not strictly refer to Hell, but to the place of departed spirits, irrespective of whether saved or lost. Sheol is simply a term meaning the state of the dead in general, without any restriction of happiness or misery (Smith). In many instances where the word is used, however, the reference is clearly to that compartment of Sheol where the wicked are punished. For example, Notice Psalm 9:17:
The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God.
2. Hades is the Greek word in the New Testament which corresponds to Sheol and is translated as follows:
Hell10 times; Matthew 11:23: And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shall be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day.
Grave1 time: O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? (I Cor 15:55).
But Hades, like Sheol, does not strictly or exclusively refer to Hell. Hades is the corresponding Greek word to the Hebrew word Sheol, and both have the same meaning.
Strongs Greek Dictionary of the New Testament says that Hades is the place [state] of departed souls.
Youngs Concordance: the unseen world.
A.T. Robertson, world-renowned Greek scholar: Hades is technically the unseen world, the Hebrew Sheol, the land of the departed (Word Pictures in the N.T.).
The reader is urged to read Luke 16:19-31, where a perfect illustration of Sheol (Hades) is given. This passage draws back the curtain and lets us have a look into both sides of the land of the departed.
3. Gehenna or the Gehenna of Fire, is the Greek word that strictly means Hell. It is never translated by any word but Hell, and eleven of the twelve times the word is used, it is used by the Lord Jesus Christ Himself. Here are a list of the passages in which the word Gehenna appears: Matthew 5:22, 29, 30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15, 23:33; Mark 9:43, 45, 47; Luke 12:5; and James 3:6.
The word Gehenna is of Hebrew origin derived from valley and Hinnom. Gehenna is the valley of Hinnom. Gehenna is the valley of Hinnom where the fire burned continually (A.T. Robertson).
The Valley of Hinnom was a place near Jerusalem where Ahaz introduced the worship of fire gods, the sun, Baal and Moloch. The Jews under ungodly Manasseh offered their children as burnt offerings in this idolatrous worship (Jer 7:31). This cruel worship was finally abolished, and later Josiah made the place a receptacle of dead carcasses and the bodies of malefactors (criminals), in which worms were continually gendering. A perpetual fire was kept to consume the putrifying matter. The place was still in existence at the time of Christ, and the Savior illustrated somewhat the condition in eternity, in the Gehenna of fire, by references to this valley.
The Lord Jesus referred to Hell as the Gehenna of fire, into which both body and soul will be cast. He said that it is unquenchable fire and that the worm [man] dieth not in the flame, just as the three Hebrew children of Daniels day did not die when cast into the fiery furnace (Dan 3).
Hell is no myth as infidels, Russellites, Universalists, and Modernists would have you believe. Christ did not warn of Hell simply to scare men. He warned of Hell because it is reality!
4. Tartarus, the fourth word translated hell, is used once in the New Testament (II Peter 2:4).
Strongs Greek Dictionary of the New Testament says that Tartarus is the deepest abyss of Hades, and that the word means to incarcerate [imprison] in eternal torment.
A.T. Robertson: The dark and doleful abode of the wicked dead like the Gehenna of the Jews.
Faussets Dictionary: The deep, or abyss, or bottomless pit.
So this word strictly refers to the place where the unsaved are confined in Divine judgment.
Fire in Hell?
Leaving the passages that contain these four words translated Hell, notice some passages which teach of Hell in words that even a child can understand.
Matthew 13:49, 50: So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just. And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Revelation 9:2: And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.
Revelation 14:10,11: The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture in the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up forever and ever: and they have no rest day or night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name.
Rev. 20:10: And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night forever and ever.
Revelation 19:20: And the beast was take, and with him the false prophet...These both were cast alive into the lake of fire burning with brimstone. (Also Rev 20:14, 15, 21:8; Matt 5:22, 18:8, 25:41; II Peter 3:7; Jude 7).
Everlasting Fire
Matthew 18:8: Wherefore if thy hand or thy foot offend thee: cut them off, and cast them from thee: it is better for thee to enter into life halt or maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into everlasting fire.
The Greek word for everlasting is aionios. The word means ageless-without beginning, without ending, or both. It is used in Romans 16:26 of God :the everlasting [aionios] God. This use of the word should clearly show us the meaning of the word everlasting.
The Greek scholar A.T. Robertson says of the word: It comes as near to the idea of eternal as the Greek can put it in one word. It is a difficult idea to put into language.
The very same word (aionios) is used to describe the future life of the righteous and the future punishment of the wicked in Matthew 25:46: And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal. If punishment of the wicked is limited, we may likewise limit the life of the righteous! But such cannot be done.
For Ever And Ever
This phrase, for ever and ever (eis tous aionas aionon), occurs 20 times in the New Testament:
of God-16 times;
of saints future blessedness-1 time;
of punishment of the wicked and Satan 3 times
Death
Death is never an annihilation, or a ceasing to exist. It is always a separation.
The second death is the final and eternal separation of the unsaved in the lake of fire (Rev 20:11-15). That the second death is not annihilation see Revelation 19:20 and 20:10.
Neither does destruction mean annihilation. Something can be destroyed without being annihilated. There is much destruction of property, goods, buildings, etc., in war, but such things are not annihilated. The unsaved still exist and will exist for all eternity in the lake of fire. They experience destruction of peace, joy, and hope.