You are struggling with the 'Bible details' and in so doing missing quite a few.
1. ALL agree that Paul is singling out the ceremonial practices not the moral law when HE says
[FONT="]“[/FONT]16 Let no one, then, judge you in eating or in drinking, or in respect of a feast, or of a new moon, or of sabbaths,
17 which are a shadow of the coming things, and the body [is] of the Christ;”
2. So the question is – whether the TEN commandments are Moral LAW – or Ceremonial. And specifically if the 4th commandment is ceremonial – based on animal sacrifices and offerings which end a the cross – or moral. (A number of even Sunday sources admit it is part of the moral law)
3. The 4th commandment Sabbath Ex 20:11 was given in Gen 2:1-3 before all animal sacrifices. (A number of even Sunday sources admit to this obvious point). Thus it is not a shadow pointing forward to the cross or to sacrifice. But a memorial.
4. The 4th commandment remains for all eternity for all mankind (Is 66:23) and the ceremonial laws were not given to “all mankind”. . (A number of even Sunday sources admit to this obvious point).
5. The speculation is that feasts, new moon, Sabbaths must be “yearly, monthly, weekly” but it is “Sabbaths” plural and used for feasts – annual feasts just as in “Hos 2:11 NASB
“I will also put an end to all her gaiety,
Her feasts, her new moons, her sabbaths
And all her festal assemblies.
6. There is No text establishing the weekly Sabbath as a feast or festival. Lev 23 specifically distinguishes between “These are the feasts” vs a day of “solemn rest” where there could be no feasting, just “holly convocation. But then “These are the feasts” in vs 4 is used to identify what follows.
3 ‘Six days shall work be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work on it; it is the Sabbath of the Lord in all your dwellings.
4 ‘These are the feasts of the Lord, holy convocations which you shall proclaim at their appointed times (KJV, NKJV)
7. The command in Col 2 related to “judging others” – and in Matt 7:1-5 long before any ceremonial law had been abolished – Christ also condemns this work of judging others. That did not abolish the ceremonial law in Matt 7.