As per the thread title - what happens to Muslim children (or any other faith for that matter) when they die? They are believing in the wrong God (according to Christians), so do they go to hell? Furthermore, where does it say in the Bible that any child goes to heaven when they die? Where did this doctrine come from because I, personally, have not read about it in scripture at all.
I believe all children are spared of doctrinal error.
The only hint regarding children in the NT is Jesus accepting them and warning any one to forbid them from coming to Him.
As for adults regarding doctrinal error, more involved.
Obviously not every one can be right, there are about 10,000 Protestant denominations world wide, this is what happens when there is no order or authority in place, then there are about a dozen Catholic variations. Even with order and authority in place, some will go their own way.
Then there are the thousands of non-Christian religions world wide as well.
We are mostly victim to our surroundings and how we are raised and what we are exposed to. If we were born in Iran, we would probably be Muslim. Even if we heard the Christian message, we probably would dismiss it as a in perfect version of Islam. Perhaps in our hearts we believed we were more faithful and truthful to God.
I don't believe when we die, God is going to say, sorry, you were in the wrong religion, bye!
I believe it is what is in our hearts that God will look at first. Religion is merely the clothing we wear now. In spirit, we will be seen as we really are.
That said there is still the issue of what if some one knew better but still went another way. I believe that will be judged as well. Along with faith, acts, and number one, what's in a person's heart.
So you see, I believe all roads lead to Rome eventually
