An exciting new study emerged recently in which E. coli bacteria were bred in a controlled environment for 20 years, eventually producing a new strain (species?) capable of eating a completely new compound (citrate).
http://scienceblogs.com/loom/2008/06/02/a_new_step_in_evolution.php
There are all kinds of implications this study has for those standard neocreationist counters to evolution.
http://scienceblogs.com/loom/2008/06/02/a_new_step_in_evolution.php
This rise and fall and rise suggests that the evolution of citrate-eating was not a one-mutation affair. The first mutation (or mutations) allowed the bacteria to eat citrate, but they were outcompeted by some glucose-eating mutants that still had the upper hand. Only after they mutated further did their citrate-eating become a recipe for success.
...
Nevertheless, Lenski and his colleagues have witnessed a significant change. And their new paper makes clear that just because the odds of such a significant change are incredibly rare doesn't mean that it can't happen. Natural selection, in fact, ensures that sometimes it does. And, finally, it demonstrates that after twenty years, Lenski's invisible dynasty still has some surprises in store.
There are all kinds of implications this study has for those standard neocreationist counters to evolution.