One cannot prove the non-existence of anything, not purple spotted dragons nor Witches during the burning times. Witches in pre-Christian times were the solitary village practitioners of the Religions of the Celts Norse and Saxons. This we know from their descriptions in ancient writings. We also know from Christian writings that those religions were stamped out by force by the Christian Church and the practitioners put to the sword. In the several hundred years since the Old religions were wiped out and the new Papal Bull (Innocent VIII: BULL Summis desiderantes, Dec. 5th, 1484) there is no evidence that the Old Religion was being practiced, thus precluding the need or probability for it's professional practitioners.
The description of the activities and rituals of Witches in the aforementioned Papal Bull, and in the Malleus maleficarum (1486), the ANT HILL (Johannes Nider, 1437), and the Demonologie (King James I, 1597), bear no resemblance to the description of Witches from the ancient texts. In particualr all the later Christian texts lists the Cardinal crime of Witches to be their sworn alleigence to Satan. This is ridiculous as the the Old Religion had no Satan, even persecuted Witches would be calling on the names of their own Gods and Goddesses, not the Christian God of Evil.
It is also accepted among historians that the investigations of alleged crimes were spurious at best. Persons accused of Witchcraft were tortured into confessing, most of the time without any knowledge of what they were being accused of. There was no crime investigation, an allegation of witchcraft was considered to be sufficient to begin the torture. There was no opportunity to be found innocent.
Considering that the description of Witches by the Christians of the day do not fit what we know Witches were historically, and that the Witch trials were a complete sham from a justice point of view, there is no reason to suppose that any of the crimes actually took place at all. Historians agree that the burning times were merely a way for the Church and Monarchy of the time to deflect the anger of the populace over a miserable existence away from themselves and place it upon innocent men and women for whom the only crime was having a little money or being unpopular. It's interesting to note that the Chief Magistrates, King James among them, were entitled to keep the lands and goods of those thay had executed. It's no coincidence that the general level of wealth tended to steadily increse among the accused Witches until by James time it was mostly wealthy Widows who came under the ministrations of the torturer.
We have extensive knowledge of the activities of the burning times. We know it was the Christian Church and Monarchy that committed the murders. If you want to use the burning times as evidence of the Crimes of Witches you still have to show that.
1. Any crime actually took place. You'll have the devil's own time (lol) finding that as the literature has already been extensively studied.
2. That Witches committed any such crime. Not the Witches of the Malleus Malificarum; those Witches never existed, but actual Witches, the practitioners of the old Religions.
One cannot prove the non-existence of anything, not purple spotted dragons nor Witches during the burning times. Witches in pre-Christian times were the solitary village practitioners of the Religions of the Celts Norse and Saxons. This we know from their descriptions in ancient writings. We also know from Christian writings that those religions were stamped out by force by the Christian Church and the practitioners put to the sword. In the several hundred years since the Old religions were wiped out and the new Papal Bull (Innocent VIII: BULL Summis desiderantes, Dec. 5th, 1484) there is no evidence that the Old Religion was being practiced, thus precluding the need or probability for it's professional practitioners.
The description of the activities and rituals of Witches in the aforementioned Papal Bull, and in the Malleus maleficarum (1486), the ANT HILL (Johannes Nider, 1437), and the Demonologie (King James I, 1597), bear no resemblance to the description of Witches from the ancient texts. In particualr all the later Christian texts lists the Cardinal crime of Witches to be their sworn alleigence to Satan. This is ridiculous as the the Old Religion had no Satan, even persecuted Witches would be calling on the names of their own Gods and Goddesses, not the Christian God of Evil.
It is also accepted among historians that the investigations of alleged crimes were spurious at best. Persons accused of Witchcraft were tortured into confessing, most of the time without any knowledge of what they were being accused of. There was no crime investigation, an allegation of witchcraft was considered to be sufficient to begin the torture. There was no opportunity to be found innocent.
One "witch," Barbara Napier, was acquitted. That event so angered James that he wrote personally to the court on May 10, 1551, ordering a sentence of death, and had the jury called into custody. To make sure they understood their particular offense, the King himself presided at a new hearing and was gracious enough to release them without punishment when they reversed their verdict.
paraphrased from Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, Charles Mackay, LL. D.
Considering that the description of Witches by the Christians of the day do not fit what we know Witches were historically, and that the Witch trials were a complete sham from a justice point of view, there is no reason to suppose that any of the crimes actually took place at all. Historians agree that the burning times were merely a way for the Church and Monarchy of the time to deflect the anger of the populace over a miserable existence away from themselves and place it upon innocent men and women for whom the only crime was having a little money or being unpopular. It's interesting to note that the Chief Magistrates, King James among them, were entitled to keep the lands and goods of those thay had executed. It's no coincidence that the general level of wealth tended to steadily increse among the accused Witches until by James time it was mostly wealthy Widows who came under the ministrations of the torturer.
We have extensive knowledge of the activities of the burning times. We know it was the Christian Church and Monarchy that committed the murders. If you want to use the burning times as evidence of the Crimes of Witches you still have to show that.
1. Any crime actually took place. You'll have the devil's own time (lol) finding that as the literature has already been extensively studied.
2. That Witches committed any such crime. Not the Witches of the Malleus Malificarum; those Witches never existed, but actual Witches, the practitioners of the old Religions.
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