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Why were many Biblical names changed to English?

Sabertooth

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Fair. Though these are variations of the same name, the way that Yəhōšūa and Yēšūa are variations of the same name.
John = "YHVH-Favored" or "YHVH-Graced"
Related: Ananias​
Jonathan = "YHVH-Given"
Related: Nathanael​
 
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ViaCrucis

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It was not too long for me to read at all.

Actually I read we should blame the French for Jack being a nickname of John.

A lot of English weirdness can be attributed to the French. It's why low class words in English typically have Anglo-Saxon origins while upper class words typically have a French origin.

Compare:

Pig (Anglo-Saxon) and Pork (French)
Cow (Anglo-Saxon) and Beef (French)
Chicken (Anglo-Saxon) and Poultry (French)
Sheep (Anglo-Saxon) and Mutton (French)

Those who worked the fields and raised the animals were Anglo-Saxon peasants ruled over by a Norman French aristocracy, who benefited from their labor. So the animal of the field and the animal of the table are divided along these lines.

This actually is part of a long history of Anglo-Saxon words often being regarded as vulgar or even obscene. Hence why it's considered obscene to call excrement by a certain four letter word, but words such as excrement and feces, which have French and Latin origins, are considered acceptable speech. The very word "vulgar" is from Latin vulgaris, meaning "common" as in "the common people"; which is why the Vulgate is so-called; it is called the Vulgata, the Bible in the common tongue (at a time when Latin was the common tongue of Western Europe). However over time, in English aristocratic--and the emerging middle class which would often seek to imitate the aristocracy--vulgarity (association with the common people, e.g. the poor and the lower working classes) essentially became associated with the obscene.

It was obscene to speak of certain things and to employ a commoner's tongue, because these are the things said down at the docks, and in the mills, and factories. It's how blue-collar people spoke.

And we've inherited a lot of this still. Most common people throughout history haven't been adverse to talking about common and ordinary things; though upper classes typically stigmatize these and reckon them as impolite. It's also a lot easier to avoid talking about certain things if you are removed from those circumstances. You never have to complain about cleaning up human *bleep* off the street if you don't have to clean human excrement off the street and then deal with all the potential disease of lots of cities having literal open sewers. Where people literally were throwing buckets of human waste onto the street below, and relied on people to clean it and rain to wash it away.

Anyway, mini-rant over. I just think it's fascinating the way that not only does culture shape language, but in turn language shapes culture. Our cultural taboos and the way that, very often, such things arise from a disparity in class and social station within a society.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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GodLovesCats

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A lot of English weirdness can be attributed to the French. It's why low class words in English typically have Anglo-Saxon origins while upper class words typically have a French origin.

Compare:

Pig (Anglo-Saxon) and Pork (French)
Cow (Anglo-Saxon) and Beef (French)
Chicken (Anglo-Saxon) and Poultry (French)
Sheep (Anglo-Saxon) and Mutton (French)

Those who worked the fields and raised the animals were Anglo-Saxon peasants ruled over by a Norman French aristocracy, who benefited from their labor. So the animal of the field and the animal of the table are divided along these lines.

I assumed "pork" came from porcine, a synonym of swine, the pig equivalent to bovine, equine, etc.

What we call cows are cattle, so another language weirdness is not calling them what they are since cows are also female bison, elephants, whales, and dolphins.

What is a mutton?

You forgot deer and venison.
 
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ViaCrucis

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I assumed "pork" came from porcine, a synonym of swine, the pig equivalent to bovine, equine, etc.

What we call cows are cattle, so another language weirdness is not calling them what they are since cows are also female bison, elephants, whales, and dolphins.

What is a mutton?

You forgot deer and venison.

Mutton is the name for sheep's meat.

And yes, "pork" comes from Latin porcus (which is where the English word "porcine" comes from, meaning "pig-like" or "relating to pigs") through the Norman French porc.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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GreekOrthodox

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One of my favorite quotes:

"The problem with defending the purity of the English language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse harlot. We don’t just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and rifle their pockets for new vocabulary."
--James D. Nicoll

As noted English sources are Germanic, Latin, Greek, Spanish, Arabic (aka admiral, algebra are Arabic), French, Italian, Hindi (aka loot)... the list goes on.

Something Borrowed - English Words with Foreign Origins
 
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ViaCrucis

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One of my favorite quotes:

"The problem with defending the purity of the English language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse harlot. We don’t just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and rifle their pockets for new vocabulary."
--James D. Nicoll

As noted English sources are Germanic, Latin, Greek, Spanish, Arabic (aka admiral, algebra are Arabic), French, Italian, Hindi (aka loot)... the list goes on.

Something Borrowed - English Words with Foreign Origins

English is a bizarre chimera of a language. Ours is a versatile, but ridiculous language.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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The Liturgist

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The Bible has both English spellings of Hebrew names and English names that did not originate from any of the Biblical languages. Many human names in the Bible can't be what they were because of their usage in English, while others are not changed from Hebrew or Greek. It is clear English translators were being selective.

It has Rebekah (not the English spelling Rebecca), but Yeshua is changed to Jesus, not Jeshua. Ava, which means life, became Eve. It has the nickname Mary instead of whatever her real name was. It has Esau, so one twin's name is correct, but Jacob? It has Moses right, but Aaron? They got Lazarus correct, but Elizabeth, Mary, and Martha? Why didn't the English Bible translators stick with the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek names for all of the characters?

Some did. One prominent example: Etheridge used the Classical Syriac equivalents, which insofar as Classical Syriac is a dialect of Aramaic, are very similar to the Hebraic forms. However, I am not entirely sure he correctly interpolated the vowels; (this being a century before Hawaii became a popular destination) for example, his translation of ALH as Aloha rather than Alaha, while possibly accurate, because ALH is Aloho in the West Syriac dialects like Turoyo, seems peculiar. However, since the Peshitta, the Syriac Bible from which Etheridge translated the New Testament, is written in Estrangela, which is Classical Syriac script, it lacks vowel indicators except for consonantal vowels like Alep.

The Etheridge Bible however strikes me as a translation, the first translation, where the translator went above and beyond to use untranslated proper nouns as much as possible, even where the lack of translation might annoy the reader, for example, transliterating the names of the books rather than using their English names.
 
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The Liturgist

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English is a bizarre chimera of a language. Ours is a versatile, but ridiculous language.

-CryptoLutheran

Respectfully, I propose you are confusing it with High German, in which rather than using discrete words to express a concept in a phrase, you just mash them together, for example, gesamtkunstwerk. English is also nice in that you can actually switch to a predominantly Hellenic, Latinate or Norman French vocabulary if the vulgar Anglo-Saxon basic vocabulary becomes tiresome. A Greek economist, one Professor Zolatas, famously did this in a speech at a conference some decades ago, for which heroic deed he earned a special place in my heart:

Kyrie,

I eulogize the archons of the Panethnic Numismatic Thesaurus and the Ecumenical Trapeza for the orthodoxy of their axioms, methods and policies, although there is an episode of cacophony of the Trapeza with Hellas.

With enthusiasm we dialogue and synagonize at the synods of our didymous Organizations in which polymorphous economic ideas and dogmas are analyzed and synthesized.

Our critical problems such as the numismatic plethora generate some agony and melancholy. This phenomenon is characteristic of our epoch. But, to my thesis, we have the dynamism to program therapeutic practices as a prophylaxis from chaos and catastrophe.

In parallel, a panethnic unhypocritical economic synergy and harmonization in a democratic climate is basic.

I apologize for my eccentric monologue. I emphasize my eucharistia to you Kyrie, to the eugenic and generous American Ethnos and to the organizers and protagonists of this Amphictyony and the gastronomic symposia.''

Conversely, there is a project called Anglish which has produced a dis-Normanized, de-Latinized, non-Hellenic English vocabulary which is to me boring and uninteresting.

However I will propose that if we allow the second personal pronouns to become completely forgotten, then English will become ridiculous, since it will loose semantic equivalence with other languages such as French, German and so on, to the extent that it has not already done so in the case of, for instance, Greek or Latin, by discarding the grammatical case.
 
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The Liturgist

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One of my favorite quotes:

"The problem with defending the purity of the English language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse harlot. We don’t just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and rifle their pockets for new vocabulary."
--James D. Nicoll

As noted English sources are Germanic, Latin, Greek, Spanish, Arabic (aka admiral, algebra are Arabic), French, Italian, Hindi (aka loot)... the list goes on.

Something Borrowed - English Words with Foreign Origins

To be fair, most languages borrowed Admiral and Algebra from Arabic alongside English, because these reflected concepts from the Islamic golden age owing to their closely related scientific areas of prowess, for example, in navigation, mathematics and medicine. For example, Algorithms are so called because they were invented or at least documented by Al-Kwarizmi.
 
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ViaCrucis

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Respectfully, I propose you are confusing it with High German, in which rather than using discrete words to express a concept in a phrase, you just mash them together, for example, gesamtkunstwerk. English is also nice in that you can actually switch to a predominantly Hellenic, Latinate or Norman French vocabulary if the vulgar Anglo-Saxon basic vocabulary becomes tiresome. A Greek economist, one Professor Zolatas, famously did this in a speech at a conference some decades ago, for which heroic deed he earned a special place in my heart:

I'm not suggesting that English is a bad language (I don't think there is such a thing), that's why I said English is incredibly versatile. But it is a fundamentally weird language. For me I think that's kind of cool.

Also, if it were up to me, I'd totally bring back lost English letters like thorn, eth, and yogh. It's impractical, but I think it'd be cool.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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The Liturgist

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Also, if it were up to me, I'd totally bring back lost English letters like thorn, eth, and yogh. It's impractical, but I think it'd be cool.

-CryptoLutheran

I think some typefaces have them. The Unicode standard supports including arbitrary characters.
 
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ViaCrucis

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I think some typefaces have them. The Unicode standard supports including arbitrary characters.

Þat's true. Ðouȝ it ƿould still be cool.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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