First the trivia. I mean - in British vernacular an honours degree, not an honorary degree.
Now the main points:
Of course geology is itself sub-divided into further disciplines. Off the top of my head and in no particular order we could consider stratigraphy, sedimentology, petrology, palaeontology, micropalaontology, geochemistry, historical geology, geomorphology, geophysics, geochronology, mineralogy, tectonics, vulcanology, petrography, tectonics, petroleum geology, economic geology, structural geology, crystallography, regional geology, seismology, engineering geolgy, etc.
And each of those has subdivisions. A palaontologist will likely specialise in one class, such as the Cephalopoda, or more likely a sub-class, such as ammonites. Within those he will specialise further perhaps in terms of studying their role in the ecology, or their evolution over time, or their role as index fossils, or the ammonites of a specific, restricted geological age, or geographical location. One of my teachers had chosen to specialise in sexual dimorphism in ammonites.
So how could I, or anyone, hope to understand the incredibly granular, detailed research that would emerge from such specialisation? Simple. Only three things are required:
- Knowledge of the vocabulary
- Understanding of the scientific method
- Focus
(If you wish to get picky, you could say focus translates into hard work and a sound technique for reading and absorbing the literature, whether textbook, or research paper.)
Now returning to the heart of our discussion, we have two alternate approaches.
Your Approach: base a lot of your positions on what you
know is the truth.
My Approach: take advantage of the hard work and dedication of tens of thousands of individuals who are and were much smarter than I.
Are you surprised I should opt for the second approach? I don't trust my own observations and intuitions. Why on Earth should I accord any weight to yours?