And since so much of science goes against "common sense" the best way to find out the truth is by investigation and experimentation.
Not just "common sense."
Aristotle's argument for larger objects falling more quickly was--and is still--air-tight as an exercise of logical process.
It just lacks the necessary facts to come to a true conclusion. The "common sense" part was in premises of the argument.
A side story: Back in the mid-80s when my son was in middle school, I helped (by "help," I mean "pushed") him through a science fair project to duplicate some of Galileo's gravity acceleration experiments. Lots of falling and rolling steel ball bearings of various weights and sizes, lots of Polaroid pictures of stopwatches, lots of test data.
No exploding volcanoes or crackling lights, so my son was sure it would bomb. I assured him that if the judges had any real "science" bone in their bodies at all, it would be fine.
The thing that surprised me is that the rolling ball experiments didn't work as expected at all. In fact, the results were largely negative.
Well, I had a new modem and knew how to use it. A couple of physicists responded to my problem with, "Well, yeah. Galileo's theory was correct, but that experiment only looked like proof because of his crude timing devices. When you put a stopwatch against it, you discovered the 'moment of rotational inertia' factor."
So that's how the experiment went into the fair--as a study of the factor that proves one of Galileo's experiments faulty. And it won.