shernren
you are not reading this.
- Feb 17, 2005
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QuantumFlux said:wrong, when you have evidence against it, you reform the theory to adapt to the new problems. If not your theory doesnt add up, you may have 50 things that say this works but if you have just one problem the whole equation is null ... mechanic works with solid problems with solid answers. Evolutionsists are trying to prove a theory, totally different scenario.
Sigh. Let's take an instructive review of the history of the four fundamental forces of nature.
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Gravity:
First expressed by ancients as the nature of matter to go up or go down. Objects with "levity" tend to go up, such as air, fire, etc., while objects with "gravity" tend to go down.
1687 - Isaac Newton publishes a mathematical theory of gravity, using a formulation based on gravitational fields mediated by an inverse-square rule.
Newton himself was dissatisfied by "action at a distance" but couldn't think of anything conceptually better.
1915 - Albert Einstein develops General Relativity (GR) describing gravity as space-time curvature. Space-time is curved by the presence of mass, and mass's motion and energy is in turn affected by the curvature of spacetime. Solutions to Einstein's equations describe the interaction between the two.
1984 - First superstring revolution begins; initial work on quantum gravity.
1994 - Second superstring revolution begins; gravity conceptualized as being mediated by gravitons leaking between "branes" in M-theory.
Current - Quantized GR still not renormalizable; discreteness of quantum theory difficult to combine with smoothness of GR.
Electromagnetism
1600-1800s: Electrostatics, electrodynamics, magnetism and optics studied separately.
1752: Benjamin Franklin shows that lightning is electricity.
1767: Joseph Priestly proposes inverse-square law.
1820: Oersted notices deflection of a compass needle by current flowing in a wire (though not the first one).
1831: Faraday's Law of Induction; 1833: Lenz's Law.
1864: Maxwell publishes his equations governing dynamic electromagnetic fields.
1873: Maxwell states that light is an electromagnetic phenomenon. A consequence is that the speed of light in vacuum is constant, causing a problem for Galilean invariance. The solution is proposed in the form of the luminiferous aether.
1887: Michelson-Morley experiment reports no evidence of the luminiferous aether.
1900: Max Planck solves the blackbody radiation problem by proposing quantized radiation.
1905: Einstein introduces special relativity (SR), compatible with classical electromagnetism.
Einstein also undermines classical electromagnetism with another paper that year describing the photoelectric effect in terms of discrete light-particles called photons, identifiable with Planck's quanta.
1925: Quantum mechanics fully formulated.
1940: Quantum electrodynamics (QED) completed.
1968: Unification of electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force completed by Glashow, Salam and Weinberg.
Weak Nuclear Force
1896: Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie discover radioactivity while studying phosphorescence in uranium salts.
1934: Enrico Fermi publishes successful model of beta decay introducing the neutrino, first suggested by Wolfgang Pauli.
1950s: Chen Ning-Yang and Tsung Dao-Lee suggest that parity symmetry is violated by the weak force. This is confirmed in 1957.
1968: Unification of electromagnetism and weak nuclear force. W and Z bosons are proposed as the mediators of this force.
1983: W and Z bosons directly observed.
Strong Nuclear Force
1970s: Strong force postulated as the force that overcomes electrostatic repulsion between protons in the nucleus, when protons and neutrons were considered the fundamental particles.
1961: Murray Gell-Mann proposes the quark as the fundamental units making up protons and neutrons. Important because the strong force is not operating between nucleons but between quarks and gluons. What we see operating in nucleons is known as the residual strong force.
1973: The concept of quark color definitely established.
1979: Evidence of gluons, the mediators of strong force ("color force") between quarks in nucleons. Quantum chromodynamics a complete theory of their interaction. Mesons (combinations of quarks) as mediators of the "residual strong force" between nucleons.
Current status: The Standard Model unifies the electroweak force and the strong nuclear force. Quantum gravity still under development.
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You think evolution is in trouble? There's far, far more controversy about the fundamental nature of, well, nature itself than about evolution. There have been countless developments, revolutions, conceptual rebellions about these matters since the beginnings of science that make the evolution controversies sound like Christians arguing about whether it should be called the "Last Supper" or the "Eucharist".
You think scientists rethinking the origins of birds represents a great affront to evolution? Well, when Einstein said that gravity isn't a force after all, but space curvature, why didn't Christians wag their fingers and say "They're just covering up for their mistakes ... They reform their theory to adapt to the problems"? When Michelson and Morley disproved the aether, and Einstein came up with SR, why didn't Christians start clucking about how electrodynamics was "just a theory"? Now that scientists are having difficulty reconciling gravity with quantum theory, why don't Christians start protesting that "if you have just one problem the whole equation is null ... gravity doesn't exist! Quanta are deceptions of the devil!"? Why don't Christians protest when quarks are taught in school? After all, quarks were first published with obvious references and similarities to Buddhist philosophy (quantum mechanics actually has an Eightfold Way just like Buddhism).
Enough Christians believe that gravity is spacetime curvature and light is an electromagnetic wave, although they've never seen space curve or electric fields and magnetic fields generate each other, and even though far more intellectual blood has been spilled and far more useless theories left half-dead on the side than in the case of evolution. So when evolution suggests we don't know enough about birds, is that reason to believe that it is completely scientifically invalid?
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