No because emotional reaction to behaviour alone can be irratic and arbitrary. The moral sense that babies and toddlers show is qualified by their innate sense about justice, fairness and kindness which are moral principles and not emotions.
Principles, not emotions...ok.
You could say its more an intuition rather than emotion. Intuition is a gut feeling but a gut feeling is not just emotional.
I think we have instinctive feelings, but they're definitely emotional reactions to stimuli.
Justice is a moral principle.
Lynch mobs engage in justice as they see it. I doubt you'd agree though. Justice as an abstraction can be a righteous act to one person and an atrocity to another.
To say that both people work towards an abstract concept of justice is fine....but they are not applying the same principles of justice if they hold any at all.
I was using the marfia to show that they know about Justice but they warp how it should be applied.
Well from their perspective, your sense of justice is warped. Who is correct?
The fact they know about justice shows that even immoral people understand this though they may get it wrong.
How do we know they are wrong and you aren't?
I don't think anyone really knows what moral sense is or moral intution fior adults. Its something you can't rationalise yet it seems to be at the basis of morality. When we spontaneously react or respond to moral situations as though something is morally wrong we don't stop and analyse the situation before we react or respond. We sense something is wrong and it matters and needs attention.
Most of us don't engage in morality that way. In fact, I would imagine almost none do.
That we sometimes may get this wrong
The intuition or its rationalization?
and need to reason it later doesn't undermine this sense as being a good indicator that something is wrong.
Wrong in what sense? Factually or morally?
For the most part our sense is correct or pretty close to the mark even if the situation turns out to be something else. That something else can be a forerunner to a moral wrong down the track.
I would strongly disagree.
For example we may hear a couple arguing and this causes our moral sense to give attention. Now arguing itself is not necessarily immoral. But it can be a sign that something else is going on. Certainly its not good for relationships when its not constructive or leads to a resolution. When kids hear arguing they cannot tell whats going on. But they do sense something is wrong and its not good for them.
I would say it depends on how the are arguing. Are they sitting over dinner disagreeing in a normal conversational tone....or are they on the street screaming at one another?
Actually this is not what he's saying because he clearly says that babies and toddlers have no rational idea of why they sense moral wrongs.
The author also has no rational way to read the minds of babies.
They are cognitively empty but their sense is strong and judgemental about moral situations.
I find that unlikely.
They clearly know when the bad guy is denying justice or fairness.
Are you conflating justice and fairness?
I suspect this is because there is something in us whether thats by evolution or the hand of God that understands and relates to human pain and suffering.
Ok.
This is the same for adults. Intitally we react and respond. We don't rationalise things because there isn't time. We just sense something is wrong and later rationalise.
I would agree that we don't go around with a list of moral laws or principles in our heads. We have emotional reactions and intuitions for certain....but they are emotional and reactionary to stimuli.
I don't think thats the point. Regardless of which moral system it is any moral system has to have a starting point which already recognises moral situations and makes them matter. If there is no prior sense there is not moral system.
I disagree. Ever see the movie The Martian? Matt Damon gets stuck alone on Mars? Just asking for a short thought experiment.
Yes and that is why we can't say that early sense of morality is based on rationality or teaching morality as a rational enterprise. There has to be some sense that is not determined by rationality to begin witButm
You say "sense" but I'm still not sure what you mean.
But even Humans idea doesn't mean that our moral sense is completely irrational. We know we are moral beings by the reality of our lived experience ie moral norms and laws, Yet we cannot completely justify a scientific rational basis for it.
If you're asking why we have morals at all, I'd suggest it's because we're social animals.
You can't assign value if there is no sense of value in the first place.
Assigning value is a choice. If you had a list of tasks to do....but you couldn't possibly finish them in a day....you would choose which ones to do, based on whatever you personally value.
Value is assigned....not sensed.
Not exactly because they are qualified by moral principles and judgements. Emotions can mean anything, good bad and ugly.
Right. You haven't explained what you mean by a moral principle though. Justice can mean wildly different things to wildly different people because it's an abstraction....not a principle.
An example of a principle would be "I believe people should be free to express themselves in speech"
Now, that's not a moral principle, but it's a principle.
Yes they are abstractions in that they cannot be objective in the physical sense.
They are abstractions because they represent a wide range of possible things. Many of those things you wouldn't consider justice.
But they are non the less objective in that they have a real effect on reality.
If you mean to say, ideas are real, sure.
They hold objective status in that they represent truths we have come to know which are required to live together as humans
I don't know how you would begin to prove a "justice" as "true".
. Without them we cease to live to our potential and actually end up destroying society and objective reality itself because they are tied to each other.
Objective reality doesn't appear to be affected something that can be destroyed.
Not justice then chaos, chaos then breakdown of society. Break down of society then who knows, the struction of the world itself.
Plenty of societies have fallen and the earth still exists.
Except its more than a preference. If it was a preference then we would see a variety of preferred outcomes including rewarding the bad guy as some prefer this.
That's exactly what the mafia does.
There is a moral judgement that goes with this moral sense which is strong and seems not open to preference. Its like the bad guy is wrong fullstop and the good guy is good no matter what others prefer. As adults we do the same.
Never saw the end of Blade Runner?
Yes I think this is where morals come from, where the Golden rule comes from. Even babies can sense other babies pain so its starts from birth.
I don't know what you mean by this. You can't feel anyone else's feelings. You can read cues....like facial expressions...but again, you're just reacting emotionally to stimuli.
Yes I think this is the other side of feeling the pain of others in that we are also capable of inflicting pain. Feeling the pain of others would not mean anything of we didn't also have the potential to inflict pain or even indulge in misery of others. But I think if anything this is influenced by culture. The West is good at pushing this onto people and it seems its a morbid facination.
Well why wouldn't that be a "moral intuition" and not a cultural influence?
Its a principle despite context I think.
Which makes it an abstraction. I say justice, you say justice, but it's just a vague term that could mean a variety of things.
We are have the right to be innocent before the law and not presumed guilty.
Uh huh.
There is no context to this.
In a court of law. The officer arresting you does it because he believes you are guilty.
You are presumed innocent in a court of law. That's the context.
It can't be an adhoc rationalisation because there is no rationalisation for it.
In the example above, the rationalization is rather simple....but it's not post hoc, our founders were enlightenment educated and valued logic. You can't prove a negative. Think of those burning witches you mentioned before. If we assumed their guilt....as apparently was common...how would they possibly prove their innocence?
Pretty difficult to provide evidence of your every deed all the time. We assume innocence because you can't prove a negative.
Its just there to begin with. If anything we can say we just don't know why we have it.
Well....one of us doesn't know lol.
Lol
Not when its the motivator that leads to justice. I think your confusing Justice itself with our moral sense. Our moral sense causes us to make matters of Justice matter in the first place.
Again...no idea what you mean by sense.
How do you sense when you've "done a justice"?
I think intuition is more than emotion.
One of the most distinctive features of Ethical Intuitionism is its epistemology. All of the classic intuitionists maintained that basic moral propositions are self-evident—that is, evident in and of themselves—and so can be known without the need of any argument. Intuition is immediate apprehension by the understanding. It is the way that we apprehend self-evident truths, general and abstract ideas, “and anything else we may discover, without making any use of any process of reasoning” That is more akin to current accounts of intuitions as intellectual seemings or presentations (Bealer 1998; Chudnoff 2013). Intellectual seemings are the intellectual analogue of perceptual seemings. Just as certain things can seem perceptually to be a certain way, e.g., coloured, or straight, so certain propositions can seem to be true, or present themselves to the mind as true.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intuitionism-ethics/#Int
Intuitionism teaches three main things
There are real objective moral truths that are independent of human beings.
These are fundamental truths that can't be broken down into parts or defined by reference to anything except other moral truths.
Human beings can discover these truths by using their minds in a particular, intuitive way.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/intuitionism_1.shtml
Unfortunately, when our moral choices differ, and we both believe we have done good and the other bad....we cannot intuit who is factually correct in truth.
Intuitions are Used as Evidence in Philosophy
Philosophers tend to believe propositions which they find intuitive. Second, philosophers offer error theories for intuitions that conflict with their theories. Finally, philosophers are more confident in rejecting theories to the extent that they have several (intuitive) counter examples involving diverse cases.
Abstract. In recent years a growing number of philosophers writing about the methodology of philosophy have defended the surprising claim that philosophers
academic.oup.com
That's why philosophers don't typically get paid much.
But the moral sense is there as babies before they are socialised. Plus they hold this moral sense about justice and kindness despite socialisation. If a baby is born and socialised into a moral relativist or even a moral or immoral group they will still display certain moral judgements about justice and kindness being good despite any social influence.
It's entirely dependent upon a group.
lol.
Yes and in some ways this supports our moral sense and intuition in that despite trying to teach kids and even young adults about atheistic and naturalistic ideas kids still believe in a creative agents and disembodied spirits.
It's a matter of perspective. He says I need to overcome it....I'd say I'm unburdened by it.
Atheists don't have teachers. Religious people do this a lot...because it makes sense to them. You have a preacher, he tells you what to think. I don't have any preachers....I never went to church. Both parents believed in God. My mom was catholic, my father Lutheran I think. I wasn't raised into any religious viewpoint....and frankly, it wasn't a topic of conversation. I knew that people were religious, I just knew I wasn't. There wasn't any frame of reference for God or other such ideas. I didn't know there was a word for people who didn't believe in God. I wasn't actually confronted by any religious beliefs until I was about 11.
In fact it suggests that belief is a natural disposition
Well pattern seeking is a natural disposition. If you see something that doesn't fit the pattern that you cannot explain....your subconscious can simply invent an explanation.
and if theres any indoctrination going on its people trying to teach belief out of people.
Indoctrination is dogmatic and not truth oriented. If you can question the teaching, and prove or reason your way to a different conclusion, then you're speaking about education and truth.
I think the point is we all have some sort of belief even if thats in naturalism or science itself. We find it hard to be totally without some sort of belief as its a natural disposition. That we can't rationalise belief into being as its counterintuitive.
I believe in sheet music...but it's not supernatural. It's not some kind of explanation I had to invent. I can't read sheet music, I don't play any instruments, and a beautiful concerto and absolute garbage look the same to me. However, since someone can write in this language I don't know, and play the music on their instrument....and someone else can come along and play the same song....it stands to reason it's a real language that people can communicate in. That's not the same as, for example, thinking that the first guy is a wizard, and he wrote a magic spell on the page, and anyone who reads it has to play that song.
Well luckily as good science would have it, these findings and interpretations have been repeated independently.
That's a book. It's not research. Furthermore, if any research were done....I'd be very surprised if it were replicated. The peer review process and lack of replication is actually one of the reasons why we have doctors willing to experiment on children with life altering drugs. The peer review process appears to have been broken for some time. We're learning that a lot of experts are simply frauds.