What do you mean by "moral sense"?
Are you talking about an emotional reaction to behavior?
No because emotional reaction to behaviour alone can be irratic and arbitrary. The moral sense that babies and toddlers show is qualified by their innate sense about justice, fairness and kindness which are moral principles and not emotions.
You could say its more an intuition rather than emotion. Intuition is a gut feeling but a gut feeling is not just emotional.
I don't think morality is tied to justice. I don't think you think it's tied to justice. You cited the mafia as having a code of morality.
Justice is a moral principle. I was using the marfia to show that they know about Justice but they warp how it should be applied. The fact they know about justice shows that even immoral people understand this though they may get it wrong.
Swapping out "basis" and "moral sense" doesn't really tell anyone what a moral sense is.
I don't think anyone really knows what moral sense is or moral intution fior adults. Its something you can't rationalise yet it seems to be at the basis of morality. When we spontaneously react or respond to moral situations as though something is morally wrong we don't stop and analyse the situation before we react or respond. We sense something is wrong and it matters and needs attention.
That we sometimes may get this wrong and need to reason it later doesn't undermine this sense as being a good indicator that something is wrong. For the most part our sense is correct or pretty close to the mark even if the situation turns out to be something else. That something else can be a forerunner to a moral wrong down the track.
For example we may hear a couple arguing and this causes our moral sense to give attention. Now arguing itself is not necessarily immoral. But it can be a sign that something else is going on. Certainly its not good for relationships when its not constructive or leads to a resolution. When kids hear arguing they cannot tell whats going on. But they do sense something is wrong and its not good for them.
I don't think you're reading your citation correctly.
I think the guy is saying that you have basic emotional reactions to behavior and then you post hoc rationalize a moral judgment onto it.
I also think he's wrong.
Actually this is not what he's saying because he clearly says that babies and toddlers have no rational idea of why they sense moral wrongs. They are cognitively empty but their sense is strong and judgemental about moral situations. They clearly know when the bad guy is denying justice or fairness. I suspect this is because there is something in us whether thats by evolution or the hand of God that understands and relates to human pain and suffering.
This is the same for adults. Intitally we react and respond. We don't rationalise things because there isn't time. We just sense something is wrong and later rationalise.
It's not that difficult. It's just a moral system he doesn't recognize.
I don't think thats the point. Regardless of which moral system it is any moral system has to have a starting point which already recognises moral situations and makes them matter. If there is no prior sense there is not moral system.
Yes and that is why we can't say that early sense of morality is based on rationality or teaching morality as a rational enterprise. There has to be some sense that is not determined by rationality to begin with. But even Humans idea doesn't mean that our moral sense is completely irrational. We know we are moral beings by the reality of our lived experience ie moral norms and laws, Yet we cannot completely justify a scientific rational basis for it. Yet its as real as objective reality.
You can't assign value if there is no sense of value in the first place.
So...moral feelings = emotions.
Not exactly because they are qualified by moral principles and judgements. Emotions can mean anything, good bad and ugly.
Those are all abstractions, not principles....except for compassion, that's an emotion.
Yes they are abstractions in that they cannot be objective in the physical sense. But they are non the less objective in that they have a real effect on reality. They hold objective status in that they represent truths we have come to know which are required to live together as humans. Without them we cease to live to our potential and actually end up destroying society and objective reality itself because they are tied to each other. Not justice then chaos, chaos then breakdown of society. Break down of society then who knows, the struction of the world itself.
I can shorten this down to....
"I prefer preferred outcomes."
A worthless moral statement we can all agree to.
The Moral Life of Babies
Except its more than a preference. If it was a preference then we would see a variety of preferred outcomes including rewarding the bad guy as some prefer this. There is a moral judgement that goes with this moral sense which is strong and seems not open to preference. Its like the bad guy is wrong fullstop and the good guy is good no matter what others prefer. As adults we do the same.
Well empathy is just trying to understand someone's feelings. It doesn't have to be pain.
Yes I think this is where morals come from, where the Golden rule comes from. Even babies can sense other babies pain so its starts from birth.
I don't really think that's the case.
People watch real murder stories, enjoy sad and terrifying movies, and watch professionals engage in physical combat for fun.
We seem to deeply enjoy awful things happening to people.
Yes I think this is the other side of feeling the pain of others in that we are also capable of inflicting pain. Feeling the pain of others would not mean anything of we didn't also have the potential to inflict pain or even indulge in misery of others. But I think if anything this is influenced by culture. The West is good at pushing this onto people and it seems its a morbid facination.
Justice is too abstract a concept, outside of any context, to call a principle.
Its a principle despite context I think. We are have the right to be innocent before the law and not presumed guilty. There is no context to this. It just stands as a fundemental principles of Rule of Law. That is why these long held truths of the West are so important as they have been put in place by finding out the hard way (by denying this principle). So we have a history of real lived experience to support them.
There's that post hoc rationalization I mentioned.
It can't be an adhoc rationalisation because there is no rationalisation for it. Its just there to begin with. If anything we can say we just don't know why we have it.
I really enjoy imagining this guy stare at babies and saying "OK, so how does that make you feel?"
The Moral Life of Babies (Published 2010)
Lol
That's a weird thing to say after "identifying" justice as a "moral principle". Do you think justice is irrational?
Not when its the motivator that leads to justice. I think your confusing Justice itself with our moral sense. Our moral sense causes us to make matters of Justice matter in the first place. Without that mattering there would be no justice. But that moral sense itself cannot be rationalised. Its later that we rationalise why make justice a moral principle and therefore justify our moral sense.
I think intuition is more than emotion.
One of the most distinctive features of Ethical Intuitionism is its epistemology. All of the classic intuitionists maintained that basic moral propositions are self-evident—that is, evident in and of themselves—and so can be known without the need of any argument. Intuition is immediate apprehension by the understanding. It is the way that we apprehend self-evident truths, general and abstract ideas, “and anything else we may discover, without making any use of any process of reasoning” That is more akin to current accounts of intuitions as intellectual seemings or presentations (Bealer 1998; Chudnoff 2013). Intellectual seemings are the intellectual analogue of perceptual seemings. Just as certain things can seem perceptually to be a certain way, e.g., coloured, or straight, so certain propositions can seem to be true, or present themselves to the mind as true.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intuitionism-ethics/#Int
Intuitionism teaches three main things
There are real objective moral truths that are independent of human beings.
These are fundamental truths that can't be broken down into parts or defined by reference to anything except other moral truths.
Human beings can discover these truths by using their minds in a particular, intuitive way.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/intuitionism_1.shtml
Intuitions are Used as Evidence in Philosophy
Philosophers tend to believe propositions which they find intuitive. Second, philosophers offer error theories for intuitions that conflict with their theories. Finally, philosophers are more confident in rejecting theories to the extent that they have several (intuitive) counter examples involving diverse cases.
Abstract. In recent years a growing number of philosophers writing about the methodology of philosophy have defended the surprising claim that philosophers
academic.oup.com
Actually, what comes first is a social group.
But the moral sense is there as babies before they are socialised. Plus they hold this moral sense about justice and kindness despite socialisation. If a baby is born and socialised into a moral relativist or even a moral or immoral group they will still display certain moral judgements about justice and kindness being good despite any social influence.
I knew those other atheists were faking!
lol.
It's funny he says that has to be "overcome".
Yes and in some ways this supports our moral sense and intuition in that despite trying to teach kids and even young adults about atheistic and naturalistic ideas kids still believe in a creative agents and disembodied spirits. In fact it suggests that belief is a natural disposition and if theres any indoctrination going on its people trying to teach belief out of people.
This is absolutely true...and if I can't be blamed for my atheism....then certainly god won't be punishing my soul for it.
I think the point is we all have some sort of belief even if thats in naturalism or science itself. We find it hard to be totally without some sort of belief as its a natural disposition. That we can't rationalise belief into being as its counterintuitive.
The doc is doing a lot of creative interpretation here.
Well luckily as good science would have it, these findings and interpretations have been repeated independently.