Why don't we examine the passage that this can be found in before we venture to the rest of the prophecies reguarding the lawless one.
'3Don't let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction. 4He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God's temple, proclaiming himself to be God.
5Don't you remember that when I was with you I used to tell you these things? 6And now you know what is holding him back, so that he may be revealed at the proper time. 7For the secret power of lawlessness is already at work; but the one who now holds it back will continue to do so till he is taken out of the way. 8And then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus will overthrow with the breath of his mouth and destroy by the splendor of his coming.'
[2 Thess. 3-8]
Paul is writing to the Thessalonian church for the second time as they are worried that they have missed the second coming of Christ. Paul writes to encourage them that they are to stand firm and not to worry because Christ cannot return until the man of lawlessness comes [antichrist in other words].
Now what we have to understand is that we do not have the same insight into this text as Paul's readers, the Thessalonian Church, had. Look at verse 5:
"Don't you remember that when I was with you I used to tell you these things?"
The Thessalonians had already been taught by Paul what the message in this passage is. They had been taught about the return of Christ and what must happen. In verse 6 Paul says, "and now you know what is holding him back" the Thessalonians already knew who this restrainer was.
The unfortunate problem for us is that we honestly do not know what Paul taught the Thessalonian Church when he was with them, so we have had to examine, and cross examine this text.
Lets take a look at how Paul talks about this 'restrainer'.
Firstly we see that the restrainer is both referred to as neuter and masculine, the restrainer is both something and someone:
'And now you know what is holding him back' [2:6]
'But the one who now holds it back will continue to do so till he is taken out of the way.' [2:7]
So, what we know from the text is that both the lawlessness is at work, but the restrainer is at work holding it back.
We have three main explainations on who and what the restrainer is.
1 The Holy Spirit and the work of the church
The Holy Spirit would fit the place of the someone, and the church the place of the something. This would mean that when the church, which has the Spirit in it, is removed [raptured?] from the earth, then the lawless one will be completly free to act [rising of antichrist?]
2 Apostles and preaching of gospel
The restraint in this case would be a delay until the world is evangelisied and all have heard the gospel. In this case the masculine restraint would be an apostle [Paul?] and the neuter would be the mission of preaching. The error with this however is how would Pauls removal bring about the return of Christ?
3 The Roman Empire
It could also be that the Emperor and the Roman Empire were the obstacles in the way of the lawlessness, what power could overthrow the empire? And not just the Roman Empire, but most states. The view is that when the state is removed, lawlessness takes control. Also Paul reguarded the state as God's agent for the punishment of eveil [Romans 13:1] So this view may also make sense.
Those are three views I managed to find that I widely hear. If I were to choose, even without knowledge of any of them, I think I would go for the Holy Spirit.
To me it makes sense that with the removal of the Church and the Spirit from the earth that lawlessness can take control.
Below I have a small timeline of possible order of events up to the coming of Christ, remember this is just an overall view of mine.
1 Removal of Church 2 Establishment of Antigod system under Antichrist 3 Period of Antichrist reign 4 Return of Christ
[Sorry forgot to paste in the top paragraph of what I had written earlier, no changes were made to the original post]