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But a cellphone can work even if it lacks a part that is essential for it to be a cellphone. Take out the radio and it can no longer make phone calls. But it can still work just fine as a calculator. Or a voice recorder.
no problem. but if you want to make it a cell-phone from non cellphone (say a calculator) then you cant do that is small steps. you can just add a single part to a calculator and get a cell-phone.
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now, if we had only the site that bind amino acid it will be useless, since we dont have the site that bind a trna and vice versa. so we need at least 2 new binding sites to evolve such a protein from other protein that make other function.
do you understood why we need at least 2 new binding sites to evolve the protein above? remember: a single binding site will not work.This doesn't address the question though, which was supporting your claim that 100+ changes need to happen all at once.
You seem to think that protein function is an all-or-nothing affair. When in fact proteins can undergo functional changes, have multiple functions, and have varying degrees of functions. How do you account for that in your claim that 100+ changes are required to happen in a single step?
Why not? There is certainly no reason that two or more parts of a complex system cannot evolve stepwise in parallel.because otherwise it will not be a stepwise (evolution) anymore.
do you understood why we need at least 2 new binding sites to evolve the protein above? remember: a single binding site will not work.
so where is your limit? 2 parts at once? 3?
sure, but everyone of them has at least 2 binding sites: one to a trna and one to a specific amino acid.On top of that, the particular example you chose isn't a single protein. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase represents a group of enzymes.
And on top of that, a number of them are multi-functional:
Getting back to your original assertion your claim is that in order to evolve a particular protein, that a hundred more changes would be required to do so in a single step. Can you support that claim?
it make it even worse. now we need to believe that not only we need to evolve a protein that can bind amino acid to a trna, but its also need to do other things. so 2 different functions at once instead of just one. the chance is even lower.
this is what the evidence shows. we dont have any evidence that there is stepwise between 2 very different proteins. so why to believe against the evidence?
Is that all your claim boils down to? Claiming there isn't evidence for something and therefore it can't happen?
first: im going by the evidence we have, why you rejecting these evidence?
first: im going by the evidence we have, why you rejecting these evidence?
second: you can think about that too: say that we have 10 possible functional proteins in a sequence space of about 10^100. what is the chance that all the 10 functional sequences will be near each other in that huge space?
you are welcome to answer my question kylie. do you think that we can make a cell-phone stepwise? if not why do you think that its possible with a biological system?It seems to me that you are going by both your misunderstanding of the evidence and your misunderstanding of how evolution actually works.
Do you think we can bake a cake with a hammer? If not, why do you think we can drive a nail with it?you are welcome to answer my question kylie. do you think that we can make a cell-phone stepwise? if not why do you think that its possible with a biological system?
you are welcome to answer my question kylie. do you think that we can make a cell-phone stepwise? if not why do you think that its possible with a biological system?
No.
It's possible with a biological system because biological systems do things that mobile phone components don't do - they reproduce and have offspring that are not the same as the parents.
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