That is because righteousness is not by observance of God's LAW, but by faith in Jesus Christ, for all and for any who believe in Him by faith, for the righteous shall Live (be spiritually alive to God ) by thier faith.. He has become for us the righteousness of God in Christ. And most of the Jews did not believe in Christ, but some few did, because they were chosen-preserved by God. This was to fulfil His word which He spoke through Isaiah, refer to John 12.While I agree with, I think it is a little deeper than that.
Look at the sheep's response in Matthew 25:37-39. It's very humble, they did not even know they were doing righteous works for Christ. They did not pursue righteousness, but did obtain it. As paul says in romans 9:30 and romans 10:20, the gentiles did not pursue righteousness, but did obtain.
Look at the goat's response in Matthew 25:44. It's self righteous. They thought they were doing righteous works for Christ, when they really weren't. The pursue righteousness, but did not obtain it. As paul says in romans 9:31, Israel pursued righteousness, but did not obtain.
37 But though he had done so many miracles before them, yet they believed not on him: 38 That the saying of Esaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed?
39 Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again, 40 He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.
41 These things said Esaias, when he saw his glory, and spake of him.
Romans 1:17
For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, “The just shall live by faith.”
Romans 3:5
But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God, what shall we say? Is God unjust who inflicts wrath? (I speak as a man.)
Romans 3:21
[ God’s Righteousness Through Faith ] But now the righteousness of God apart from the law is revealed, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets,
Romans 3:22
even the righteousness of God, through faith in Jesus Christ, to all and on all who believe. For there is no difference;
Romans 4:6
just as David also describes the blessedness of the man to whom God imputes righteousness apart from works:
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