The proof of the necessity of killing anyone who
curses the Prophet or finds fault with him
The Qur'an says that Allah curses the one who harms the Prophet in this world
and He connected harm of Himself to harm of the Prophet. There is no dispute
that anyone who curses Allah is killed and that his curse demands that he be
categorised as an unbeliever. The judgement of the unbeliever is that he is
killed.
Allah says, "Those who harm Allah and His Messenger, Allah has cursed them in
this world and in the Next, and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment."
(33:57). He said something similar about those who kill the believers. Part of
the curse on them in this world is that they are killed. Allah says, "Cursed
they will be. Wherever they are found, they are seized and all slain." (33: 61)
He mentions the punishment of those who fight, "That is humiliation in this
world for them." (5:45) "Killing" (qatl) can have the meaning of "curse".[6]
Allah says, "May the conjecturers be killed!" (51:11) and "May Allah fight them!
How they are perverted!" (9:30) i.e. may Allah curse them.
This is because there is a difference between their harming Allah and His
Messenger and harming the believers. Injuring the believers, short of murder,
incurs beating and exemplary punishment. The judgement against those who harm
Allah and His Prophet is more severe - the death penalty.
Allah says, "No, by your Lord, they will not believe until they have you judge
between them in what they disagree about." (4:65) He removes the badge of belief
from those who find an impediment in themselves against accepting the Prophet’s
judgement and do not submit to him. Anyone who disparages him is opposing his
judgement.
Allah says, "O you who believe, do not raise your voices above the voice of the
Prophet and be not loud in your speech to him as you are loud to one another
lest your actions fail." (49:3). Such an action only comes about through
disbelief and the unbeliever is killed.
Allah says, "When they come to you, they greet you with a greeting which Allah
never greeted you with." Then He says, "Jahannam is enough for them, an evil
homecoming." (58:9)
Allah says, "Among them are those who harm the Prophet and say that he is all
ear," (9:61) and, "Those who harm the Messenger of Allah have a painful
punishment." (9:63)
Allah says, "If you ask them, they will say, 'We were only plunging and
playing.' Say, 'What, were you then mocking Allah, His signs and His Messenger?
Make no excuses. You have disbelieved after your belief."' (9:67-68) The
commentators say, "You have disbelieved" refers to what they have said about the
Messenger of Allah.
We have already mentioned the consensus. As for the traditions, al-Husayn ibn
'Ali related from his father that the Messenger of Allah said in respect of this
matter, "Whoever curses a Prophet, kill him. Whoever curses my Companions, beat
him."[7]
In a sound hadith the Prophet commanded that Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf be killed. He
asked, "Who will deal with Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf? He has harmed Allah and His
Messenger." He sent someone to assassinate him without calling him to Islam, in
distinction to other idol-worshippers. The cause of that lay in his causing harm
to the Prophet. That indicates that the Prophet had him killed for something
other than idol-worship. It was for causing harm. Abu Rafi,' who used to harm
the Messenger of Allah and work against him, was also killed.
Similarly on the Day of the Conquest, he ordered the killing of Ibn Khatal and
his two slavegirls who used to sing his curses on the Prophet.
In another hadith about a man who used to curse the Prophet, the Prophet said,
"Who will save me from my enemy?" Khalid said, "I will," so the Prophet sent him
out and he killed him.
Similarly the Prophet commanded that a group of unbelievers who used to injure
and curse him, like an-Nadr ibn al-Harith and 'Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt, be killed.
He promised that a group of them would be killed before and after the conquest.
They were all killed except for those who hurried to become Muslim before they
were overpowered. Al-Bazzar related from Ibn 'Abbas that 'Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt
cried out, "O company of Quraysh, why is it that I alone among you am to be
killed without war?" The Prophet said, "For your disbelief and your forging lies
against the Messenger of Allah."
'Abdu'r-Razzaq mentioned that a man cursed the Prophet, causing the Prophet to
say, "Who will save me from my enemy?" Az-Zubayr said, "I will." He sent
az-Zubayr and he killed him.
It is related that a woman used to curse the Prophet and he said, "Who will save
me from my enemy?" Khalid ibn al-Walid went out and killed her.
It is related that a man forged lies against the Prophet and he sent 'Ali and
az-Zubayr to kill him.
Ibn Qani' related that a man came to the Prophet and said, "Messenger of Allah,
I heard my father say something ugly about you, so I killed him," and that did
not distress the Prophet.
Al-Mujahir ibn Abi Umayya, the Amir of Yemen, reported to Abu Bakr that a woman
there in the time of the Ridda[8]chanted curses against the Prophet, so he cut
off her hand and pulled out her front teeth. When Abu Bakr heard that, he said
to him, "If you had not done what you already did, I would have commanded you to
kill her because the hadd regarding the Prophet is not like the hadd regarding
others."
Ibn 'Abbas said that a woman from Khatma[9] satirised the Prophet and the
Prophet said, "Who will deal with her for me?" A man from her people said, "I
will, Messenger of Allah." The man got up and went and killed her. He told the
Prophet who said, "Two goats will not lock horns over her."[10]
Ibn 'Abbas said that a blind man had an umm walad who used to curse the Prophet.
He scolded her and restrained her, but she would not be restrained. That night
she began to attack and revile the Prophet, so he killed her. He told the
Prophet about that and he said he had shed her blood with impunity.[11]
......
... Anyone who curses or disparages the Prophet has shown clear symptoms of the
sickness of his heart and proof of his real convictions and belief ...