nyj said:
All martyr's of the faith instantly become Saints. As far as I know, that's the official Catholic position on martyr's and Saint-dom. ...
The first part sounds a bit legalistic, as if Constantine was possibly looking to exploit a loophole. I really don't know what Constantine's frame of mind was, so this is just conjecture. If he is in Heaven, I rejoice.
The second part (Christians were only baptised if they lived exemplary lives) doesn't exactly sound right to me though. I thought baptism was a requirement of the Church (Nicene Creed)?
Yes, but St. Ambrose didn't wait to be baptised because he would be killing someone.
Dear nyj:
I agree that St. Ambrose is probably the greater saint. After all he lived many years writing and defending the Holy Faith against the Arians. It was said that even during his life many miracles were worked.
St. Constantine, on the other hand, didn't live the sacramental life since he died on his deathbed. We know he received Holy Baptism, but he probably wasn't able to receive the other sacraments -- there may not have been time.
Still, there was a higher standard expected of Christians. Because of the Roman persecution, the Church carefully guarded the chalice. You are familiar with the controversies following the edit of Constantinople granting tolerance of religion. The Church was faced with the difficult decision of deciding whether to accept back into communion the thousands of apostate Christians who asked for reconciliation. Some of the Church Fathers felt that once a Christian had denied Christ that they couldn't be granted absolution. Many hierarchs believed that a Christian was only allowed to receive Holy Confession once in his life. So most reserved that sacrament for their deathbeds.
The Church was very strict during the time of St. Constantine and St. Augustine.
St. Augustine was a product of this age. I read his confessions as part of my college class in philosophy. He didn't accept baptism in his youth because he didn't want to accept responsibility. He was wild and had a mistress. He finally accepted baptism when he knew that he could make the commitment to sanctity because by that time he desired to become a saint. He knew that his heart could only rest in God and he wanted that peace that comes from above. His poor mother, Saint Monica, prayed for Augustine's conversion much like St. Helena prayed for her son, St. Constantine. Those two women were the greater saints. They hounded Christ with their prayers.
In the late 1950's, the Latin Catholic Church was still very strict and probably still is. I read a book about the Catechumenate which was published around 1960. I gave the book away to a priest who requested it so I cannot quote from it. However, it stated that in one particular country, there was a group of gypsies who were not repentant. These gypsies remained catechumens their whole lives because they were not living lives worthy of Baptism. Few were ever baptised, even on their death beds. I was shocked to read this, but the Catholic priest confirmed that this was so, as he knew these people. If a person has sinful habits that he refuses to change, like thievery as a way of life, the Church cannot baptise that individual. There has to be some sign of sincere repentance. The early church required that the candidate for Baptism have a good reputation even among the pagans (cf. The Didache). They had to be living exemplary lives before Baptism. Furthermore, since the Holy Sacrament of Confession (the Order of Penance) was only done once in ancient times, it was important to preserve the Baptismal Garment free of stain. When the early Church talked about the saints, she was referring to her living members, not just the faithful departed. By our Holy Baptism and Holy Chrismation, we are confirmed in holiness. We are washed, purified, illuminated and sanctified.
St. Constantine was washed, purified, illuminated and sanctified on his deathbed. He was prepared. May God grant us the grace to be so prepared.
Yours in Christ our God,
Elizabeth