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The Moral Argument (revamped)

createdtoworship

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No. An appeal to authority is a logical fallacy, whereby a person’s credentials are used as evidence that an argument is correct. I’m not making an argument in this case, so there’s no fallacy. I’m suggesting that you might want to have a better understanding of the subject you’re discussing.
so the statement for "why don't you read a philosophy book." Is not an appeal to authority, but quoting a phd in philosophy is an appeal to authority. Aren't you making an argument in that post? The argument is that my posts make a lot of mistakes and that I should read a philosophy book. But I have yet to see a mistake, and all I see is mistakes in your posts, because your posts are posted from an angry heart. If you would simply let Jesus in your heart, he would take your anger away in an instant. Most people I talk to that reject God, do so because of some trial or situation they had to endure, where they feel God let them down, or abandoned them. It's rarely an intellectual problem with God. That is just a symptom. The root issue is a heart problem. God allows trials because this world is satans kingdom ever since the garden of eden. When adam and eve sinned, all their offspring were fatally tied to the limitations of their flesh of sin. They were killed off spiritually. When Christ came and forgave all who trust in Him, He brought the spirit back to life for the first time. Now we can have all our sins forgiven and live in heaven when we die. The sin the Jesus never died for is saying you believe in Him, or you don't believe, either one. But you are not willing to commit to Him. Jesus commands us to repent of our sin, and trust in Him. This is in order for us to have a new slate. If we held on to our sin at salvation, the purpose of salvation would be defeated. Salvation does not just give us eternal life, it creates joy, fulfillment and success in this life. There are still trials yes, but now we know the reason for the trials. Does that make sense? (I know this is off topic, but I felt I needed to share it, because it means alot to me)

this also applies to the other poster as well:

You can at least see where its published. Verify if its fake or real.

If you cant verify authenticity then of course the appeal to authority is suspect, but not because of any logical fallacy.

So how do I verify that you presented your statement in earnest rather than as a trick for argumentative purposes?
 
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ToddNotTodd

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You can at least see where its published. Verify if its fake or real.

If you're the originator of the argument, and you don't verify the veracity of the outside statements in your argument, but only rely on the credentials of the source, then you're both committing the fallacy of Appeal to Authority, but you're also being incredibly lazy in your argument.

If you, like you said above, check the veracity of outside statements, then you present that evidence along with the statement to avoid committing the fallacy. And you make your argument stronger.

If you cant verify authenticity then of course the appeal to authority is suspect, but not because of any logical fallacy.

Logical fallacies are used to point out flaws in reasoning. Nothing more and nothing less.

So how do I verify that you presented your statement in earnest rather than as a trick for argumentative purposes?

Look up the statement yourself. But whether or not it's correct, if someone's argument is "The acronym HTLM stands for Hypertronic Markup Language, because this expert says so", it's an example of the fallacy. Often times the fallacy is subtle, as in saying "Here is a statement from someone. Oh, and he/she has a PhD." That's implying that the person's credentials has some bearing on whether the statement is correct.

It doesn't...
 
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ToddNotTodd

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so the statement for "why don't you read a philosophy book." Is not an appeal to authority, but quoting a phd in philosophy is an appeal to authority?

Correct. The first sentence isn't an argument, it's a suggestion. When I pointed out your fallacy, it was in the context of an argument you were making about the concept of moral absolutism.

Aren't you making an argument in that post? The argument is that my posts make a lot of mistakes and that I should read a philosophy book.

I've never said, "I'm an expert who thinks you're wrong, therefore because I'm an expert you're wrong, and you should read Philosophy books." That would be an example of the Appeal to Authority fallacy. My credentials have nothing to do with the fact that I'm pointing out actual fallacies in your posts.

But I have yet to see a mistake, and all I see is mistakes in your posts, because your posts are posted from an angry heart.

a) I've pointed out your mistakes and your only rebuttal to them is basically "nuh uh". Which isn't a persuasive rebuttal.

b) What you call "mistakes" in my posts have been rebutted, and you have not countered my rebuttals. So you haven't actually shown any mistakes in my posts.

c) Since I've told you twice that I'm not angry and you continue to say I am, I'm more convinced you're just doing this for effect. Which is disingenuous, and makes all your following proselytizing completely ineffective. If you want to be taken seriously when you post about philosophical topics, you have to actually know what you're talking about.
 
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durangodawood

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Logical fallacies are used to point out flaws in reasoning. Nothing more and nothing less.
Thats why your example was a poor test for logical fallacy: because it failed first for authenticity.



Look up the statement yourself. But whether or not it's correct, if someone's argument is "The acronym HTLM stands for Hypertronic Markup Language, because this expert says so", it's an example of the fallacy. Often times the fallacy is subtle, as in saying "Here is a statement from someone. Oh, and he/she has a PhD." That's implying that the person's credentials has some bearing on whether the statement is correct.
So when youre arguing on the internet, and cannot present any physical evidence, recreate experiments, conduct your own polls, whatever.... what's left that isnt an appeal to authority when you want to back up an assertion?
 
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Moral Orel

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Look up the statement yourself. But whether or not it's correct, if someone's argument is "The acronym HTLM stands for Hypertronic Markup Language, because this expert says so", it's an example of the fallacy. Often times the fallacy is subtle, as in saying "Here is a statement from someone. Oh, and he/she has a PhD." That's implying that the person's credentials has some bearing on whether the statement is correct.

It doesn't...
I don't think you're right on this either. When people cite an expert, they aren't saying the statement is correct because the expert says so, they're saying that the veracity of the statement can be trusted because the person who made it knows what they're talking about. A person's credentials do have some bearing on whether the statement is correct because experts generally make correct statements about their fields of expertise so we can reasonably expect an expert's statements to be accurate.

An appeal to authority is fallacious when you cite an expert that is an expert in a different field, like if a YEC cited a person with a doctorate in astronomy to refute genetic evidence for evolution.

All that said, I don't think there is such a thing as an expert on morality, so an appeal to someone with a PhD in philosophy over something said about morality would be a fallacious appeal to authority. So I think you made the right call initially, but in all honesty, I think you straw manned his statement to make your case.
 
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ToddNotTodd

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I don't think you're right on this either. When people cite an expert, they aren't saying the statement is correct because the expert says so, they're saying that the veracity of the statement can be trusted because the person who made it knows what they're talking about.

I’ve seen countless times on this site where someone says something along the lines of “and he has a PhD, so you know it has to be true.”

So yes, people often cite credentials as the primary reason to accept a premise.

A person's credentials do have some bearing on whether the statement is correct because experts generally make correct statements about their fields of expertise so we can reasonably expect an expert's statements to be accurate.

Being an “expert” doesn’t make you less likely to lie, or forget, or show bias, or just be mistaken.

Since I’m old, I remember doctors saying that smoking was perfectly safe. My mother, not a doctor, thought they were idiots. If we ignore the Appeal to Authority fallacy, then you would dismiss anything my mother said, and side with the doctors.

When presented with two experts with opposing views, it’s necessary to look further into the statements to get closer to the truth. And that doesn’t change if you remove one of those experts. You still need to look at the statement itself to get closer to the truth.

An appeal to authority is fallacious when you cite an expert that is an expert in a different field, like if a YEC cited a person with a doctorate in astronomy to refute genetic evidence for evolution.

I’ve never seen that definition of the fallacy. I’ve always seen it as referring to an expert in the field:

Appeal to Authority

All that said, I don't think there is such a thing as an expert on morality, so an appeal to someone with a PhD in philosophy over something said about morality would be a fallacious appeal to authority. So I think you made the right call initially, but in all honesty, I think you straw manned his statement to make your case.

You can definitely make the case that there are no moral experts, but you might get some pushback from people with higher degrees than mine...
 
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createdtoworship

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Correct. The first sentence isn't an argument, it's a suggestion. When I pointed out your fallacy, it was in the context of an argument you were making about the concept of moral absolutism.



I've never said, "I'm an expert who thinks you're wrong, therefore because I'm an expert you're wrong, and you should read Philosophy books." That would be an example of the Appeal to Authority fallacy. My credentials have nothing to do with the fact that I'm pointing out actual fallacies in your posts.



a) I've pointed out your mistakes and your only rebuttal to them is basically "nuh uh". Which isn't a persuasive rebuttal.

b) What you call "mistakes" in my posts have been rebutted, and you have not countered my rebuttals. So you haven't actually shown any mistakes in my posts.

c) Since I've told you twice that I'm not angry and you continue to say I am, I'm more convinced you're just doing this for effect. Which is disingenuous, and makes all your following proselytizing completely ineffective. If you want to be taken seriously when you post about philosophical topics, you have to actually know what you're talking about.
I just find it ironic that not reading a book is bad, and reading a book is bad.

thats the argument you are setting forth, which you claim is void of fallacy.
Correct. The first sentence isn't an argument, it's a suggestion. When I pointed out your fallacy, it was in the context of an argument you were making about the concept of moral absolutism.



I've never said, "I'm an expert who thinks you're wrong, therefore because I'm an expert you're wrong, and you should read Philosophy books." That would be an example of the Appeal to Authority fallacy. My credentials have nothing to do with the fact that I'm pointing out actual fallacies in your posts.



a) I've pointed out your mistakes and your only rebuttal to them is basically "nuh uh". Which isn't a persuasive rebuttal.

b) What you call "mistakes" in my posts have been rebutted, and you have not countered my rebuttals. So you haven't actually shown any mistakes in my posts.

c) Since I've told you twice that I'm not angry and you continue to say I am, I'm more convinced you're just doing this for effect. Which is disingenuous, and makes all your following proselytizing completely ineffective. If you want to be taken seriously when you post about philosophical topics, you have to actually know what you're talking about.
so I am unsure how it is an appeal to authority to post a phd in philosophy, but have your posts free from being an appeal to authority. See after mentioning you had a degree in philosophy, under your definition, all your replies and arguments would then become appeals to authority. It would be the same if I quoted my own work as a degreed professional (which I am not). That too would be an appeal to authority, under your definition. Not mine. I say this to show that your definition of appeal to authority does not work, and that it is falsified, so we can continue our original discussion.
 
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durangodawood

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....All that said, I don't think there is such a thing as an expert on morality, so an appeal to someone with a PhD in philosophy over something said about morality would be a fallacious appeal to authority...
There's many people who have studied human morality extensively and can enlighten us on the moral codes and moral reasoning of many different societies.
 
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createdtoworship

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There's many people who have studied human morality extensively and can enlighten us on the moral codes and moral reasoning of many different societies.
the problem is that their arguments fail, and have failed for centuries. This argument has been going on for hundreds of years, and the arguments still fail.

please respond to the following:

where does that morality come from?


we already proved it transcends all races, religions, and cultures.


and that is it is known by intuition.




Since it is known by intuition (through our conscience), and since no other animals even apes or chimpanzees (genetically 90-97% similar), have said morality (objectively speaking)


we can deduce this morality is from outside of ourselves.


according to talk origins large gorillas have brain sizes of 700cc, which is comparable to small humans.

Creationist Arguments: Brain Sizes


so why don't gorillas with nearly the same brain size have the same objective moral truth that we do? Chimpanzees are known to eat their own children for example.


Because morality is above ourselves, and it is inherent in our souls, animals who don't have souls will not have the morality that is from God. They have family instinct to take care of young etc, but not the morality we talk of that is objective above.

----------------------
Here is a quote from a book by norman geisler:


Lewis’ Moral Argument. The most popular modern form of the moral argument was given
by C. S. Lewis in Mere Christianity. He not only gives the most complete form of the argument
in the most persuasive way, but he also answers major objections. The moral argument of Lewis
can be summarized:
1. There must be a universal moral law, or else: (a) Moral disagreements would make no
sense, as we all assume they do. (b) All moral criticisms would be meaningless (e.g.,
“The Nazis were wrong.”). (c) It is unnecessary to keep promises or treaties, as we all
assume that it is. (d) We would not make excuses for breaking the moral law, as we all
do.
2. But a universal moral law requires a universal Moral Law Giver, since the Source of it:
(a) Gives moral commands (as lawgivers do). (b) Is interested in our behavior (as moral
persons are).

3. Further, this universal Moral Law Giver must be absolutely good: (a) Otherwise all moral
effort would be futile in the long run, since we could be sacrificing our lives for what is
not ultimately right. (b) The source of all good must be absolutely good, since the
standard of all good must be completely good.
4. Therefore, there must be an absolutely good Moral Law Giver.
The Moral Law Is Not Herd Instinct. Lewis anticipates and persuasively answers major
objections to the moral argument. Essentially, his replies are:
What we call the moral law cannot be the result of herd instinct or else the stronger impulse
would always win, but it does not. We would always act from instinct rather than selflessly to
help someone, as we sometimes do. If the moral law were just herd instinct, then instincts would
always be right, but they are not. Even love and patriotism are sometimes wrong.
The Moral Law Is Not Social Convention. Neither can the moral law be mere social
convention, because not everything learned through society is based on social convention. For
example, math and logic are not. The same basic moral laws can be found in virtually every
society, past and present. Further, judgments about social progress would not be possible if
society were the basis of the judgments.
The Moral Law Differs from Laws of Nature. The moral law is not to be identified with the
laws of nature. Nature’s laws are descriptive (is), not prescriptive (ought) as are moral laws.
Factually convenient situations (the way it is) can be morally wrong. Someone who tries to trip
me and fails is wrong, but someone who accidentally trips me is not.
The Moral Law Is Not Human Fancy. Neither can the moral law be mere human fancy,
because we cannot get rid of it even when we would like to do so. We did not create it; it is
impressed on us from without. If it were fancy, then all value judgments would be meaningless,
including such statements as “Hate is wrong.” and “Racism is wrong.” But if the moral law is not
a description or a merely human prescription, then it must be a moral prescription from a Moral
Prescriber beyond us. As Lewis notes, this Moral Law Giver is more like Mind than Nature. He
can no more be part of Nature than an architect is identical to the building he designs.
Injustice Does Not Disprove a Moral Law Giver. The main objection to an absolutely perfect
Moral Law Giver is the argument from evil or injustice in the world. No serious person can fail
to recognize that all the murders, rapes, hatred, and cruelty in the world leave it far short of
perfect. But if the world is imperfect, how can there be an absolutely perfect God? Lewis’
answer is simple: The only way the world could possibly be imperfect is if there is an absolutely
perfect standard by which it can be judged to be imperfect (see MORALITY, ABSOLUTE NATURE OF).
For injustice makes sense only if there is a standard of justice by which something is known to
be unjust. And absolute injustice is possible only if there is an absolute standard of justice. Lewis
recalls the thoughts he had as an atheist:
Just how had I got this idea of just and unjust? A man does not call a line crooked
unless he has some idea of a straight line. What was I comparing this universe with when
I called it unjust. . . . Of course I could have given up my idea of justice by saying it was
nothing but a private idea of my own. But if I did that, then my argument against God
collapsed too—for the argument depended on saying that the world was really unjust, not
simply that it did not happen to please my private fancies. Thus in the very act of trying
to prove that God did not exist—in other words, that the whole of reality was
senseless—I found I was forced to assume that one part of reality—namely my idea of
justice—was full of sense. [Mere Christianity, 45, 46]

above section from:
Geisler, N. L. (1999). Baker encyclopedia of Christian apologetics. Baker Reference Library (498–501).
Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.
 
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ToddNotTodd

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I just find it ironic that not reading a book is bad, and reading a book is bad.

Say what?

"Bad" and "good" have nothing, nothing at all, to do with what we're talking about. Logical fallacies have to do with whether a logical argument has errors in reasoning. I have no idea where you got that.

thats the argument you are setting forth, which you claim is void of fallacy.

That's not even remotely accurate.

so I am unsure how it is an appeal to authority to post a phd in philosophy, but have your posts free from being an appeal to authority.

Perhaps some more understanding about Philosophy (especially logic) will help.

See after mentioning you had a degree in philosophy, under your definition, all your replies and arguments would then become appeals to authority.

That's not even remotely accurate.

It would be the same if I quoted my own work as a degreed professional (which I am not). That too would be an appeal to authority, under your definition.

Only if you presented an argument with the structure "X is true, and you know it's true because I'm an expert."

Not mine.

While you're free to define words and phrases however you want to, if you want to have meaningful discussions with other people, you should use accepted definitions.


I say this to show that your definition of appeal to authority does not work, and that it is falsified,

That's not even remotely accurate.

so we can continue our original discussion.

If in our discussion you're planning on continuing to use logical fallacies in your arguments, I don't see the point. You're not going to convince anyone with any kind of background in logic.
 
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ToddNotTodd

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the problem is that their arguments fail, and have failed for centuries. This argument has been going on for hundreds of years, and the arguments still fail.

please respond to the following:

<snip>
So pick one point to begin the discussion...
 
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createdtoworship

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Say what?

"Bad" and "good" have nothing, nothing at all, to do with what we're talking about. Logical fallacies have to do with whether a logical argument has errors in reasoning. I have no idea where you got that.



That's not even remotely accurate.



Perhaps some more understanding about Philosophy (especially logic) will help.



That's not even remotely accurate.



Only if you presented an argument with the structure "X is true, and you know it's true because I'm an expert."



While you're free to define words and phrases however you want to, if you want to have meaningful discussions with other people, you should use accepted definitions.




That's not even remotely accurate.



If in our discussion you're planning on continuing to use logical fallacies in your arguments, I don't see the point. You're not going to convince anyone with any kind of background in logic.
let talk about this more. So your comments suggest that it is not an appeal to authority to post about your own achievements, but it is to post about someone elses?

please answer this, before moving on. I have many questions about this.
 
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ToddNotTodd

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let talk about this more. So your comments suggest that it is not an appeal to authority to post about your own achievements, but it is to post about someone elses?

please answer this, before moving on. I have many questions about this.
No, that’s not what I’m saying... at all. Why would you think that?
 
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createdtoworship

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No, that’s not what I’m saying... at all. Why would you think that?
you said it here:
Untitled.png


So your comments suggest that it is not an appeal to authority to post about your own achievements, but it is not to post about someone elses? And you can't say you weren't making an argument, because once you posted your qualifications all other posts followed that comment. So please answer this before we can go into further debate. Do you think it's ok to post achievements of yourself, but not achievements of other people?
 
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gaara4158

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It's painful to watch this unfold, so I'll try to clear this up. It is a fallacious appeal to authority when you quote someone who is an authority in subject A giving his thoughts on subject B, in which he is not an authority. For example, it would be fallacious to quote Richard Dawkins as an authority on some matter of astrophysics when Dawkins is a zoologist. It is, however, perfectly valid to quote Richard Dawkins on his zoological research when you're discussing something relevant to his expertise. After all, that's what we do when we cite sources.
 
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createdtoworship

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It's painful to watch this unfold, so I'll try to clear this up.
angry people make a lot of mistakes, let me remind you. And insulting people is a fallacy. It makes your argument look weaker than it is.
It is a fallacious appeal to authority when you quote someone who is an authority in subject A giving his thoughts on subject B, in which he is not an authority. For example, it would be fallacious to quote Richard Dawkins as an authority on some matter of astrophysics when Dawkins is a zoologist. It is, however, perfectly valid to quote Richard Dawkins on his zoological research when you're discussing something relevant to his expertise. After all, that's what we do when we cite sources.
so where did I commit an appeal to authority, I quoted a peer review and a person with a phd in philosophy. I sense some back peddling here.
 
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gaara4158

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angry people make a lot of mistakes, let me remind you. And insulting people is a fallacy. It makes your argument look weaker than it is.

so where did I commit an appeal to authority, I quoted a peer review and a person with a phd in philosophy. I sense some back peddling here.
I’m not on anyone’s side on this page but after seeing you all go back and forth without anyone laying down exactly what’s fallacious about an appeal to authority, I had to do it myself. You can work out who had it wrong amongst yourselves.
cab.jpg
 
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createdtoworship

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I’m not on anyone’s side on this page but after seeing you all go back and forth without anyone laying down exactly what’s fallacious about an appeal to authority, I had to do it myself. You can work out who had it wrong amongst yourselves.
cab.jpg
(edited)
 
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gaara4158

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so are you admitting you made an appeal to authority? That is what I mean. When we let ourselves become angry we lose our cool and make dumb mistakes.
I haven’t been in this thread for days. If you’ll look at the names of the people you’ve been talking to the last few pages, I’m not one of them. I just came in, saw what was going on and thought I could help. I didn’t make any appeal to authority. I’m still very, very cool :cool:
 
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