This is logically very poor. It attempts an argument from incredulity (which would itself be a fallacy) by claiming that certain creatures evolved "
all sorts of novel functions" in "
an evolutionary blink of an eye". However, this is clearly begging the question - fast or slow, evolution takes the necessary evolutionary time
by definition. So he fails to achieve one fallacy by falling into another. The author may have meant "a
geological blink of an eye", but that simply makes him careless, and the argument still fallacious.
This is followed by a double misunderstanding of selection pressure in the process of evolution - humans
have evolved novel functionality that has facilitated adaptation to new niches, but major structural changes have not been necessary, as we can adapt to new niches through our technological creativity and flexibility. Significant evolutionary changes occur when there are significant selection pressures, i.e. survival pressures, in some direction that cannot be fully managed by flexible adaptive behaviour.
For example, on high plateaux, there may a selection pressure due to extreme cold, but the behavioural adaptation of wearing furs means it is not the strong evolutionary pressure to grow fur or blubber that it would otherwise be. OTOH, the air may have a lower concentration of oxygen, which flexible behaviour cannot easily compensate for - hence some high plateaux populations have evolved more efficient oxygen management.
Similar considerations apply to experiments on bacteria - given suitable conditions, i.e. little or no alternative, they can evolve the capability to metabolize entirely new materials, such as the
byproducts of nylon manufacture. How does the author think antibiotic resistance arises?
The rest is more argument from incredulity, using an imaginary keyless lock 'straw man' - could the author not find a realistic
biological example?