Barbarian observes:
Hence our confidence that science can give us accurate understanding of the physical universe.
Agreed. But then I don't consider hypothesizing magical bent, accelerating, expanding nothing in opposition to the laws of thermodynamics as science........
Let's test your belief on this. Show me any process, required by evolution, that is ruled out by any law of themodynamics. Let's see what you have.
Evident in the fact that the bacteria not only survived, but gained enough energy to reproduce for 31,000 generations before they "as claimed" gained the ability to do so..[/quote]
Hall's bacteria, through a series of mutations, evolved a new, irreducibly complex enzyme system. Would you like to learn how that happened?
Barbarian observes:
Nor would mere random variation give us the diversity of life we see. Darwin's great insight was that evolution is not a random process.
It's directly observed. Perhaps you don't know what "evolution" is.
Stop confusing adaptation within the species as meaning macroevolution.
Yep. You don't know what it is. Evolution is a change in allele frequency in a population over time. However, adaptation within a species is evolution, just as speciation is evolution. Both have been directly observed.
All you have is randomness.
No, that's wrong, too. As you just learned, Darwin's great discovery was that it isn't random.
From climate from generation to generation, to geological changes to whatever force you want to claim caused the mutation.
If all there was, was random mutations, we'd never get the variety of life we see. But as Darwin showed, it is natural selection (which is not random at all) which makes the difference.
Mutations have been shown to be random. therefore it is just pure dumb luck that IF a mutation happens to be beneficial, that it just happens to allow a creature to survive, or even prosper in the current condition.
It's a matter of chance which organism happens to get a useful mutation. But it's not a matter of chance that such organisms tend to leave more offspring. And each generation, those new mutations are the basis for further evolution. That's how it works.
like those bacteria that already could process citrus aerobicly, because if they couldn't, they would not have survived to the 31,000th generation.
You've been misled. Barry Hall's bacteria, over a series of mutations, evolved a new, irreducibly complex enzyme system. Here's how that happens:
"Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which is intentional, whereas natural selection is not."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation
"Mutations result from errors during DNA replication..."
Right. Most of them don't do much of anything. A few are harmful. A very few are useful. Natural selection tends to preserve the useful ones and remove the harmful ones. And that's all that is needed.
Mutations are errors, mistakes in copying..... only pure dumb luck makes it able to allow a creature to survive or even prosper in the environment.
Right. In Hall's bacteria, for example, there were many more harmful mutations than useful ones. But each generation, it was the useful ones that persisted, and were the raw material for the next round of mutations. It's such an efficient way to improve fitness that engineers have started to copy it for problems that are too complex for design. God knew best, after all.
it is so incredibly random that it isn't even worth discussing that falsity of thought that it isn't random.
Remember, mutations are random, but natural selection is not. And that's why the process isn't random. If you don't understand why, I can give you an experiment that would help you see why.
There is nothing planned to it.
Right. It's like capitalism. It works, even though it's not planned, even if no one understands why it works. It's just the way God created things.[/QUOTE]
