This is possibly the best argument from ignorance Gish Gallop I've ever seen. If it wasn't so terrible, it would be admirable.
I've got a day off work, so lets see if I can be bothered to find the answers for these questions:
First cab off the rank is easy.
Mutation, hereditary variation, genetic drift and migration, being acted on by the mechanisms of natural selection.
Science doesn't attempt to answer that question. Save that for philosophy and theology.
Animals. Or, at least the ancestors of animals. The Ediacara biota developed about 600 to 560 million years ago. Its from these, and the rapid morphological diversification of the Cambrian radiation, that many of the first phyla of animals emerged. The first vertebrates and animals with hard shells and bones were well established by about 535 million years ago. What we consider plant life didn't really appear until about 435 million years ago, when shore dwelling algae began to transition from water to land.
Plants descended from earlier C3 pathway photosynthesisers - such as cyanobacteria. They didn't "find a balance", the levels of oxygen in the atmosphere have pinged up and down all over the place over the past 200 million years, from as high as 36-37% to as low as 10-12%. Oxygen levels in the atmosphere are only steady from our very limited human timescales.
Hydrostatic attraction and gravity. At least initially. As in, that's what formed the planet.
There are a variety of processes that create the three different types of rock.
Igneous rock is formed from vulcanism - heating and cooling of lava and magma in various conditions;;
Sedimentary rock is formed from the deposition of various materials and its compression
Metamorphic rock is formed through the combination of heating and pressure on igneous and sedimentary rock, or on older metamorphic rock
I'm not 100% sure what you mean by this, but the simple answer is "it doesn't". If you look at the history of life on this planet, better than 99% of the species that we've cataloged have gone extinct. The world is subject to all sorts of nasty things, that periodically wipe out most of life.
And the relevance of tides is? Are you suggesting that tidal action on bodies of water is a necessary pre-condition for life on the planet? If there was no moon, a smaller moon, a larger moon, or a closer/further away moon, what would the difference be?
Additionally, what does just right for "our size of bodies of water" even mean? Does this include the Pacific, Lake Victoria and the Caspian Sea?
First insects descended from crustaceans about 475 million years ago. Birds descended from therapod dinosaurs about 150 million years ago.
As insects had been around for ~325 million years by this point, and land arthropods about 375 million years, I don't see any problems here.
Earliest fruiting plants emerged during the Devonian period, about 400 million years ago.
Are you aware of co-evolution? There is a book 'Birds and Berries' by Barbara Snow, David Snow. Most of it is available on google. It will answer your questions here.
It appears to me that evolution (and geology) has answers to all of these questions, you are just unaware of them, or are refusing to look.