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I don't know...it seems like it's completely irrelevant to the ethics of abortion whether or not you can call a baby a parasite. It's certainly not a parasite we always try to prevent, and it becomes a person if you let it pop out. Irrelevant muck.You must spread some Reputation around before giving it to gladiatrix again.
If there was a thread archive in the E&M forum this should be in it!
I think holymary believes "parasite" is a negative term. It is not, it simply describes a symbiotic relationship.
Parasitism is a very successful lifestyle in nature. Since we are often the victims of the harmful variety, I can see why there's such a knee-jerk reaction in revulsion when the word is used. The fact remains that an endopregnancy is seen BIOLOGICALLY as a form of parasitism. I don't know why people get so mad when they must look the biological facts square in the face and resort to shouting "but a baby's not a parasite!" to avoid the biological state of the pregnancy that resulted in that baby. The pregnancy starts from the get-go with suppressing the woman's immune response (high levels of hormones like progesterone). Later other factors are secreted that further turn down her immune response:1. Parasitology is a type of SYMBIOSIS (="living together") (Any plant, animal, or protist that is intimately associated with another organism of a different species; each member is termed a SYMBIONT). There are various type of symbiosis:
- PHORESIS ("traveling together" or "to carry") (A smaller organism, termed the PHORONT, is carried mechanically by a HOST) [For instance, bacteria, fungus, cysts, or eggs on insect legs or even passively within an arthropod gut]
- COMMENSALISM (when one symbiont, the COMMENSAL, benefits and the other animal is neither helped nor harmed) [True commensalism difficult to find, and may not even actually exist. Close inspections usually reveal either a mutualistic or parasitic association. Perhaps Entamoeba gingivalis in mouth to some degree; some pilotfish and remoras associated with sharks]
- MUTUALISM (each member, a MUTUALIST, depends upon the other; oblilgatory or facultative) [many examples in nature. For instance, flagellates produce cellulase in gut of termites; ciliates in ruminants; algae and fungus forming a lichen; crocodiles and Egyptian teeth cleaning plovers]
- PREDATION (where one member, the PREDATOR, benefits and a smaller organism, the PREY, is harmed; usually eaten) [This association is not usually considered a type of symbiosis, but it technically falls under the definition]. Examples include coyotes and rabbits, cats and mice.
- PARASITISM (where one member, the PARASITE, lives in or on another organism, the HOST, at the expense of that organism)
One thing a successful parasite usually does is employ a number of devices like the ones described above to evade the host's immune system. Also note that if the mother's immune system ever becomes "aware" of the fetus, it will be rejected by the immune system (Th1 cell activity correlated with miscarriage).Trophoblast cells located in the placenta and subject to maternal immune surveillance serve as physical barriers between mother and fetus and have been shown to express several immune-modulating molecules, such as HLA-G, Fas ligand, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, as well as secrete a variety of humeral factors, such as leukemia inhibitory factor and progesterone (4). HLA-G is one of the members of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I family and is known to inhibit natural killer function (5, 6) and dendritic cell maturation (7). Fas ligand interacts with Fas antigen and induces apoptotic cell death of fetal antigen-reactive maternal lymphocytes (8). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which catalyzes tryptophan in lymphocytes, has proven to be critical in the maintenance of allogeneic pregnancy in the mouse (9). Leukemia inhibitory factor secretion from the maternal placenta and Th2 lymphocytes is required for blastocyst implantation and also considered to have an immunological role(s) in fetomaternal tolerance (4).
Other than these local modulators, progesterone and estrogen produced by the placenta affect cytokine profiles across the whole maternal immune system (4).
The net effect of these immune modulations affects maternal T helper (Th) cell differentiation. Th0 precursor cells have the potential to differentiate into Th1 or Th2 cells depending on the cytokine signals provided during antigen presentation. IL-12 and interferon- promote Th1 differentiation, while IL-4 promotes Th2. Th1 cells produce IL-2 and interferon-, whereas Th2 cells synthesize IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 (4). Th1 cell induction generates cellular inflammation, in contrast to the allergic and humeral immune response induced by Th2 cells. The placenta-driven immune modulation mentioned above promotes suppression of Th1 immunity and a relative enhancement of Th2 immunity during pregnancy. A failure to suppress the activity of Th1 cells has been correlated with miscarriage (4), and the altered immune condition during pregnancy must be favorable to survival of the fetus.
A molecule expressed in the earliest stages of pregnancy that vanishes when the baby is born seems to keep some cells responsible for directing the immune system in an immature and accepting stage, Medical College of Georgia researchers says.
Their finding that the molecule HLA-G helps make dendritic cells – which work like air-traffic controllers for the immune system – tolerant helps explain how a fetus, with genes from both parents, can avoid rejection by the mother's immune system.
And it has them optimistic that the natural mechanism could be replicated to help preserve a transplanted heart or kidney.
'These immature dendritic cells can induce suppressor cells that will suppress the immune response,' said Dr. Anatolij Horuzsko, reproductive immunologist.
TricksterWolf said:I don't know...it seems like it's completely irrelevant to the ethics of abortion whether or not you can call a baby a parasite. It's certainly not a parasite we always try to prevent, and it becomes a person if you let it pop out. Irrelevant muck.Silent Bob said:You must spread some Reputation around before giving it to gladiatrix again.
If there was a thread archive in the E&M forum this should be in it!
I concur. At all cost one must simply ignore the ugly biological truth, not to mention any cost to woman emotionally or financially. A pregnancy, no matter how it was conceived or what risks it may pose to the woman must always be presented in what I call the Every-Baby-a-Gerber-Baby, Lovely-Day-in-the-Park paradigm. In contrast any woman who dares to depart from the completely unrealistist image is painted in a completely negative fashion, i.e., she's nothing but a selfish, heartless, mercenary 'ho, who is simply "refusing to accept the consequences of her actions".levi501 said:To view the fetus in any type of hostile nature might sit uncomfortably with the pro-life stance. Put simply, to consider the fetus a biological detriment to an unwilling mother is to consider she might have a right in discarding it.
Free CD? Well, color me suspicious of that right out of the gate. Why? I don't see ANY disclaimer on this site that my email address or any other information won't be collected along with other email addresses/info and sold. One thing I'm not about to do is put my email address on that site. A common way for this lot to earn money is to collect such information and then sell these mailing lists. I don't see ANY disclaimer that that won't happen so, I will most definitely assume that this is nothing but a lure to beef up a mailing list that this lot will most definitely sell for money.HolyMary said:Pro-Abortions Commit Vilence too:
880 homicides and other killings
86 attempted murders
23 arsons and bombings
787 assaults
1,798 sex crimes
(including 169 rapes)
59 kidnappings
420 cases of vandalism
270 drug-related crimes
1,577 medical crimes
Extreme pro-lifers are not the only ones guilty of violence against the opposition.
A free CD here:
http://www.abortionviolence.com/av_order_form.php
"(Ernst is also a close friend of the German Neo-Nazi leader Manfred Roeder, founder of several radical right groups. One would have to consider Roeder, who has stated that violence is the best cure for Germany’s ills, to be a kind of terrorist. He served over 9 years of prison time for charges related to the bombing of refugee hostels in 1980.)"“Why is there this attitude of degenerated masochism which makes us destroy systematically our own breed and race and which makes us passively watch how our own mental, moral, and biological inheritance is getting wasted and ruined?”
Wow! How do you find time to type all of these messages??With regard to the OP:
Another fabulous and highly educational post, as usual, by gladiatrix!
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