sovereigngrace
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Let us have a literal word-by-word look at the Hebrew pertaining to Isaiah 65:20.I'm glad you included this Isaiah text in your descriptions of a new heavens and a new earth. However, try going just a little bit further in that same chapter to understand exactly what God was referring to when He spoke of "the heavens and the earth". It wasn't a physical change in the composition of the material cosmos that He was referring to in this particular context.
"And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people." This is not speaking of the establishment of the physical heavens and earth during Creation week, but the establishment of Zion as the people of God.
We are currently in this new heavens and new earth at present. The believers had already come to this "Zion - the city of the living God" (Hebrews 12:22). We don't have to wait for this NHNE in the future, because Hebrews 12:26-28 told us exactly when the heavens and the earth were to be shaken and removed in the past. Hebrews 12:26-27 said that "NOW he hath promised, saying Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven. And this word, 'Yet once more', signifieth the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that are made, that those things which cannot be shaken may remain. Wherefore, we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear: For our God is a consuming fire."
That word "NOW" was speaking of the time in which Hebrews was written - not in our future. The believers of that time were then receiving a kingdom which could not be shaken in the coming disasters for the nation of Israel. The earth (tes ges - the land of Israel) and the heavens were soon going to be shaken and removed by God's "consuming fire". That was an old "heavens and earth" reality in the nation of Israel. Those old "heavens and earth" composed of an obsolete, defunct physical temple system that was dead and needed to be physically burned up so that these would not exist any more in feeble, idolatrous competition with Christ's superior New Covenant worship system He had already established.
This change has already occurred. Hebrews wrote that those changed conditions it was speaking of were then coming (Hebrews 2:5). The heavens and earth did "perish" and were "changed" when the New Heavens and the New Earth were manifested back then after the AD 70 era.
The NHNE conditions according to Isaiah 65:20 and Revelation 22:15 would still include the presence of sinners. Isaiah's conditions for the NHNE listed the birth of children, death of both the righteous and the sinner, planting of crops, harvesting and eating, building houses, prayers to God, etc. As believers, formerly-alienated Gentiles and Jews (represented by the unclean animals - such as the wolf and the lion - dwelling amicably with the clean animals - the lamb and the bullock) in this NHNE reality.
We are not waiting for this NHNE - it's a present reality.
לֹא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה מִשָּׁ֜ם עֹ֗וד ע֤וּל יָמִים֙ וְזָקֵ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Lo'- yihªyeh mishaam `owd `uwl yaamiym wªzaaqeen 'ªsher
Not be hence more an infant [of] days, an old man after
לֹֽא־יְמַלֵּ֖א אֶת־יָמָ֑יו כִּ֣י הַנַּ֗עַר בֶּן־מֵאָ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ יָמ֔וּת
Lo'- yªmalee''et- yaamaayw Kiy hana`ar ben- mee'aah shaanaah yaamuwt
Not fulfill your days inasmuch a child old an hundred years die
What is this telling us?
The exact same thing, only in different terms.
This is called synonymous parallelism. It is telling us that a child will never become old on the new earth. This line reinforces what has just been said. It confirms the thought of the impending reality of no more death in the eternal state for the righteous. In eternity there will be no more aging or dying. It is not going to be like our corrupt age where infants eventually get old. It will not be like the here-and-now where a man could live to be an old person of a hundred years of age and then die.
This passage is actually saying the opposite to what many think. What this is saying is: there will be no more aging, curse or death on the new earth. Every glorified saints will have come to full maturity in Christ with their new perfect eternal bodies. It is the next line of Isaiah 65:20 that has confused many, because the translators have not interpreted it in a literal word-for-word sense. It is not saying there will be more babies, death and old men. It is saying the opposite to what they are alleging. It is saying that there will be no more aging: children getting old, old people and people dying! It is describing eternity to an Old Testament audience in terms they can grasp.
The new heavens and new earth will indeed be a glorious victorious perfect state where death is unknown. God is saying that the eternal state will actually be free of death for young and old alike. This passage is telling us that there will be no more death on the new earth! The Hebrew word Lo' (Strong’s 3808) means “no” or “not.” The word is a simple negation. The word is found twice in this much-debated new heavens and new earth verse.
Debate in Isaiah 65:20 centers in on the use of the original word yaamuw meaning “die” or “death.” What should we relate it to? Is there indeed “death” on the new earth? Also, should the death be related to the “child” in the second phrase or the “sinner” in the third phrase? What is more, in what way should it read? I must admit, if we are to read it in its most natural way it fits perfectly with the context. So why change it? I believe it should be applied to the “child” as it should agree with the first phrase that is simply a reinforcement of the same truth. It then fits perfectly with the whole overall teaching of the prophet on the perfection and bliss of the eternal state.
No (Lo') longer will an infant become like an old man,
No (Lo') longer will a child reach one hundred and die.
This is Old Testament verbiage that describes eternity to the Old Testament listener. It is telling us: no one is going to age! This relates to the new heaven and new earth not some supposed future millennium – that will never happen.
The original Hebrew does not give us any reason to attribute death to the “child” in this second line. In fact, it does not fit the whole context which is evidently speaking of the removal of aging and death on the new earth. Interpreting it as we have, seems to (1) match the original, (2) make sense to its context, and (3) taps into the thrust of what the prophet was trying to relay. We need to remind ourselves that the whole idea here is describing the incredible eternal deliverance from the curse of corruption and the joy that “the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind” on the “new earth.”
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