There are several separate questions here not one.
First , did Peter have primacy amongst apostles
Hard to disagree for any Christian “ tend my sheep etc”
Do successors of Peter have primacy.
( catholics, orthodox generally agree)
The office of keys in OT was indeed a succession, if that was not the intention , why did Jesus refer back to it?
Second , the nature and extent of those powers.
- orthodox Assert this was a matter of respect not authority.
- catholic assert that Matt 16:19 is singular given only to Peter, Indeed as the rock in which the church was built
( although elsewhere It was also given to apostles jointly , so power of councils)
so Popes have limited power to give definitive doctrine judgement ( so called infallibility)
Third , did the popes at some point relinquish the power?
This is the strangest orthodox claim, if a power Was granted by Jesus, only he can take it away,
Fourth where is primacy illustrated?
There are entire books discussing this.
But eg “ there speaks peter - tome of Leo”
Clement speaking to corinthians etc.
Iraneus saying all must take Rome as the guide
Augustine Citing the popes as authority against donatists. etc
Protestant stance? Many respect the pope. But they wanted to assert new doctrine, ( eg sola scriptura) so first they had to disavow authority, and so the pope, but in rejecting the magisterium, they all went different doctrinal ways, so have diverged ever since.
It’s complex
So, somewhere on this forum, I asked people who are part of the high churches like the Catholics, Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, etc. to explain clearly why they and not the other Churches claiming to be the One True Holy Apostocilic Catholic church who seemed to have just as strong of a historical claim are the true church. Well, it descended into a long nine-page conversation that went nowhere where few people even seemed to try and prove anything and I think that it was probably my fault in the way I asked the question. So after looking through what divides these churches specifically Catholicism and Orthodoxy the main division seems to be whether the Bishop of Rome is the main authority in the Church or not. The argument is about Papal Supremacy. So I am asking on here for Catholics to prove the doctrine of Papal Supremacy and Orthodox Christians to disprove it. I want this thread to be a debate between the two positions. Thank you in advance.