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With some other discussions coming up on this, I thought it prudent to bring up that the terminology is broader than some may realize.
Atheism as a term historically started off merely accusing someone of not believing in the right god, seemingly more a henotheistic position that you didn't really believe in the God if you believed in pagan deities (or the Christian God from the Romans' perspective). From there, it became more associated with people that to some degree didn't believe God exists (a whole other discussion in itself of whether disbelief entails a positive assertion, etc) rather than just being the wrong kind of believer in a god. Deists, pantheists, etc, were accused of being atheists, the term still used in a pejorative fashion in some circles (I can't imagine why /sarcasm)
But you also have nontheism as a broader term covering nonbelief in deities to various degrees and for many different reasons
This covers things of a semantical nature, like ignosticism/igtheism and theological noncognitivism, bringing into question the coherence of the term "God" in the first place; ideas of an irreligious nature like post theism that suggest we have gotten beyond the need for God in the first place (not as common); ideas that are more unified in a sense, such as secular humanism (another debate in itself as to whether it's a religion in any meaningful sense or at most a worldview); and ideas of a more fundamental nature regarding the impact of God's existence or nonexistence, such as apatheism, which has at least 2 variations, practical atheism, living as though God doesn't matter or more directly stating that whether God exists or not are both unimportant in themselves for existential or practical reasons, as well as the epistemological aspects with agnosticism, generally either the idea that the supernatural is fundamentally unknowable or that we cannot reason out the existence of the supernatural either in its nonexistence or existence.
There are several religious traditions or variations within traditions traditionally considered more theistic that have a nontheistic aspect, such as Buddhism, Jainism and some forms of Hinduism. Even Christianity has theological notions presented by thinkers like Paul Tillich that can be considered transtheistic, going beyond the idea of a personal deity to a ground of being, along with the Nontheistic Quakers (which I'd never heard of, though I'd heard of Quakers), even Daoism and other religions I feel I shouldn't mention beyond that they have a temple and use particular imagery, sometimes connected with Anton Lavey
Atheism as a term historically started off merely accusing someone of not believing in the right god, seemingly more a henotheistic position that you didn't really believe in the God if you believed in pagan deities (or the Christian God from the Romans' perspective). From there, it became more associated with people that to some degree didn't believe God exists (a whole other discussion in itself of whether disbelief entails a positive assertion, etc) rather than just being the wrong kind of believer in a god. Deists, pantheists, etc, were accused of being atheists, the term still used in a pejorative fashion in some circles (I can't imagine why /sarcasm)
But you also have nontheism as a broader term covering nonbelief in deities to various degrees and for many different reasons
This covers things of a semantical nature, like ignosticism/igtheism and theological noncognitivism, bringing into question the coherence of the term "God" in the first place; ideas of an irreligious nature like post theism that suggest we have gotten beyond the need for God in the first place (not as common); ideas that are more unified in a sense, such as secular humanism (another debate in itself as to whether it's a religion in any meaningful sense or at most a worldview); and ideas of a more fundamental nature regarding the impact of God's existence or nonexistence, such as apatheism, which has at least 2 variations, practical atheism, living as though God doesn't matter or more directly stating that whether God exists or not are both unimportant in themselves for existential or practical reasons, as well as the epistemological aspects with agnosticism, generally either the idea that the supernatural is fundamentally unknowable or that we cannot reason out the existence of the supernatural either in its nonexistence or existence.
There are several religious traditions or variations within traditions traditionally considered more theistic that have a nontheistic aspect, such as Buddhism, Jainism and some forms of Hinduism. Even Christianity has theological notions presented by thinkers like Paul Tillich that can be considered transtheistic, going beyond the idea of a personal deity to a ground of being, along with the Nontheistic Quakers (which I'd never heard of, though I'd heard of Quakers), even Daoism and other religions I feel I shouldn't mention beyond that they have a temple and use particular imagery, sometimes connected with Anton Lavey