You seem to be making this up.
hold on, I will get it for you:
ah here is the report:
"
DIRECT AND CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE
Evidence typically falls into two broad categories. Direct evidence is evidence that can
prove something all by itself. In California, jurors are given the example of a witness who saw
that it was raining outside the courthouse. Jurors are instructed, “If a witness testifies he saw it
raining outside before he came into the courthouse, that testimony is direct evidence that it was
raining.”9 This testimony (if it is trustworthy) is enough, in and of itself, to prove that it is
raining. On the other hand, circumstantial evidence (also known as indirect evidence) does not
prove something on its own, but points us in the right direction by proving something related to
the question at hand. This related piece of evidence can then be considered (along with additional
pieces of circumstantial evidence) to figure out what happened. Jurors in California are
instructed, “For example, if a witness testifies that he saw someone come inside wearing a
raincoat covered with drops of water, that testimony is circumstantial evidence because it may
support a conclusion that it was raining outside.”10 The more pieces of consistent circumstantial
evidence, the more reasonable the conclusion. If we observed a number of people step out of the
courthouse for a second, then duck back inside, soaked with little spots of water on their
clothing, or saw more people coming into the courthouse, carrying umbrellas, and dripping with
water, we would have several additional pieces of evidence that could be used to make the case
that it was raining. The more cumulative the circumstantial evidence, the better the conclusion.
Most people tend to think that direct evidence is required in order to be certain about
what happened in a given situation. But what about cases that have no direct evidence connecting
the suspect to the crime scene? Can the truth be proved beyond a reasonable doubt when all the
evidence we have is circumstantial? Absolutely.
Jurors are instructed to make no qualitative distinction between direct and circumstantial
evidence in a case. Judges tell jurors, “Both direct and circumstantial evidence are acceptable
types of evidence to prove or disprove the elements of a charge, including intent and mental state
and acts necessary to a conviction, and neither is necessarily more reliable than the other. Neither
is entitled to any greater weight than the other.”11 Juries make decisions about the guilt of
suspects in cases that are completely circumstantial every day, and I’m very glad that they
do; all my cold-case homicides have been successfully prosecuted with nothing but
circumstantial evidence.
9. Judicial Council of California, Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury
Instructions, CalCrim Section 223.
10. Judicial Council of California, Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury
Instructions, CalCrim Section 223.
11. Judicial Council of California, Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury
Instructions, CalCrim Section 223."
Above quote from “Cold-Case Christianity: A Homicide Detective Investigates the Claims of the
Gospels” by J. Warner Wallace, Copy write 1/1/2013
note: retired detective of cold cases, Wallace J. was on 20/20
numerous times for the complexity of his cold cases,
and leading him to be a national expert, traveling and training on cold cases.
section two the oposite of circumstantial or subjective truths, we have objective truth:
"
“Objective Truth”
While many truths are certainly a matter of opinion, some truths are completely
independent of anyone’s personal view. My statement “Police cars are the coolest cars on the
road” may be true for me (given that I am often the one driving these cars), while completely
untrue for you (especially when I pull you over for rolling through a stop sign). This statement is
a matter of my “subjective” opinion; it is dependent on the “subject” who possesses it. The
statement “Police cars are equipped to travel in excess of 100 mph” is not dependent on my
opinion, however; this second statement is either true or false on the basis of the “object” itself.
Police cars are equipped to travel this fast, and my “subjective” opinion has nothing to do with it.
The erosion of the classic view of objective truth and tolerance is also taking its toll on
those who hold a Christian worldview. The notion that there might be only one way to God (or
only one truth about the identity and nature of God) is offensive and intolerant to many skeptics
and nonbelievers. Like prosecutors who face similar misunderstandings about the nature of truth,
Christians may also have to expose the logical problems inherent to the new cultural definitions.
While some may argue that all religions are basically the same, this is simply untrue. The
world’s religions propose contrary claims related to the nature of God. Eastern religions propose
the existence of an impersonal god, while the monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam claim that God is personal. Judaism refuses to recognize Jesus as anything other than a
“rabbi” or spiritual teacher, while Christianity claims that Jesus was God Himself. Islam denies
that Jesus died on the cross, while Christianity claims that Jesus died at the crucifixion and then
rose from the dead, verifying His deity. All of these claims about God and Jesus may be false,
but they cannot all be true; they contradict one another by definition. The logical law of
“noncontradiction” states that contradictory statements cannot both be true at the same time.
Those who are evaluating the claims of the world’s religions, like jurors evaluating a criminal
case, must decide which of the views is supported by the evidence, rather than surrender the
decision to an errant view of truth.
In addition to this, those who are investigating Christianity may want to rethink the latest
cultural definitions of truth and tolerance. Those who claim that truth is a matter of perspective
and opinion are proclaiming this as more than a matter of perspective and opinion. They would
like us to believe that this definition is objectively true, even as they deny the existence of
objective truth. When a statement fails to meet its own standard for being true, it is said to be
“self-refuting.” The claim that “objective truth does not exist” is self-refuting because it is, in
fact, an objective claim about truth. The current redefinition of tolerance doesn’t fare much
better. Those who claim that tolerance requires all ideas and perspectives to be embraced as
equally true and valuable simultaneously deny the classic view of tolerance. In other words, the
new definition of tolerance is intolerant of the old definition. It cannot follow its own rules. It is
just as self-refuting as the new redefinition of truth; we simply need to help people understand
that this is the case.
DEFENSE ATTORNEYS FOCUS ON THE BEST THE PROSECUTION HAS TO OFFER
While circumstantial cases are built on many pieces of evidence that are evaluated as a
group, some pieces are better (and more important to the case) than others. For this reason,
defense attorneys focus their attention on the heart of the prosecution’s case, the prominent and
most condemning pieces of evidence that have been presented. If they can discredit or eliminate
these key pieces of evidence, the foundation of the prosecution’s case may begin to crumble. In
fact, if I want to know what the defense thinks of my case (and what it considers to be the most
devastating piece of evidence), I simply have to observe what it is attacking with the most vigor.
If my case is thin or weak, the defense will be comfortable attacking the one piece it believes to
be critical. If my case is substantial and strong, the defense will find itself trying to attack a much
larger number of issues in an effort to limit the cumulative impact of the evidence. I know where
my case is strong when I see what the defense has chosen to attack.
Above quotes from:
J. Warner Wallace, Cold Case Christianity IBid.