For example, kinetic theory is science. Phrenology was never science.
The rules. For an idea to become a scientific theory, its predictions must be repeatedly verified by evidence.
You don't have elections to decide what science is.
No, there aren't elections. But it's not as if Moses came down from the mountain with clearly spelled out boundaries of what is and isn't science.
It's not like that. The process evolved over a very long time, People like the Ionian philosophers, Arabic scientists, Europeans like Roger Bacon, and so on, discovered and perfected a methodology that works. It is a logical process of induction that formalized what many people had discovered over thousands of years.
There's nothing idealized in the notion that we can systematically learn about the world. It's just a method. The problem is that for many laymen, science is visualized as something like a religion. It's not like that at all.
That's an idealization of how science is supposed to work, but in fact there's a mix of philosophy and systematic research involved. And exactly where one crosses the line from "science" into "not science" is a major question of epistemology.
There is a philosophy of science, but it's merely the application of inductive reasoning. Nothing that depends on public opinion or faith.
That's an idealization of how science is supposed to work, but in fact there's a mix of philosophy and systematic research involved. And exactly where one crosses the line from "science" into "not science" is a major question of epistemology.
For example, "how many times must the predictions of a hypothesis be verified in order for it to be a theory?"
I don't think we can neatly separate out science and technology, especially with the role of scientific research in the development of new technologies.
Discovering a way to make logic circuits fit in a smaller space is science. Building 4TB drives is technology. Technology is application of science. And this is a sore point with some engineers. They aren't junior scientists; they have their own discipline, no less demanding than that of science, and it is their work that makes science save lives.