A solar eclipse is the same as a new moon
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This diagram is almost always given to show the schematics of a solar eclipse... Let's take a good look though..
Look at the size of the sun compared to the moon and earth and the distances..
In reality, yes, the sun is huge. However, stand on the earth and it is the exact... yep... exact same size as the moon.
So...for this diagram to be valid, the sun should be represented as such. Being disingenuous as this diagram is, it leaves a large, no, huge amount of light passing by the moon, all the way around. This leaves the possibility of a "penumbra"
In reality, which this diagram does not represent, the sun and moon would be the exact same size. There would be no light passing the edges of the moon. This would mean that, like all shadows, the shadow of the moon must be larger than the moon itself.
If, and that's a big "if" the sun was the size depicted in this diagram.... then yes... we would get a penumbra, a tiny blacked out area on the earth from the moons's tiny shadow..
However, this is not the case. Yet schools all over the US, Canada and probably the world, present this diagram and the kids go home ignorant of the truth.. while science has another win as they have deceived the youth again.
OK OK ... you don't believe me... get a flashlight or a light bulb and try.... just try to make a shadow, on the wall that is smaller than the object creating the shadow... That is... while making sure that the light source is not greatly larger than the object casting the shadow, when viewed from the surface on which the shadow is cast.
So... no grabbing a marble and using a 6 inch spot light.. That is not realistic...
Use a flashlight and a beach ball, or base ball, or ... you....
The light source must be, like the sun, when viewed from earth.... the same size or smaller than the object....
Go give it a try...