Part B: 2. The nuclear insanity of a neutron star as a power source for the Sun.
The Sun is a plasma diffuser that sorts atoms by mass by O. Manuel, S. A. Kamat, M. Mozina (Michael).
The fantasy of O. Manuel, S. A. Kamat and M. Mozina (Michael) states that neutron stars emit enough energy to power the Sun and so produce the light the Sun emits. How much light do real neutron stars emit? An example of a hypothetical light weight neutron star has
a total luminosity would be a million times fainter than the Sun. We can measure the photospheric luminosity and photospheric temperature of other stars to place them on an
Hertzsprung–Russell diagram but
this is almost impossible got neutron stars.
Real neutron stars do not emit as much light as the Sun by orders of magnitude.
Read pages 14 and 15 of
The Sun is a plasma diffuser that sorts atoms by mass by O. Manuel, S. A. Kamat, M. Mozina (Michael).
Intercept values of M/A at Z/A = 0 for A>150 mu suggest that the potential energy per nucleon in a neutron star may exceed the rest mass of a free neutron by as much as 22 MeV [12].
...
The calculated amount of energy released in neutron-emission from a neutron star, ~10-22 MeV per nucleon, exceeds that from fusion or fission reactions
The paper is claiming that the majority of energy to power the Sun comes from energy from neutron-emission from a neutron star.
Nuclear potential energy is the energy that can be released when a nucleon being pushed into a nucleus is released. Nuclear potential energy will be positive when a proton is far a nucleus containing protons. Nuclear potential energy is negative when nucleons are close because the strong force holds them together.
The Z in the paper is atomic number - the number of protons in a nucleus.
The nuclear insanity is firstly that a neutron star is not a nucleus
!
There are two effective binding forces - gravity and the strong force. Both have to be included in any nuclear potential energy.
If we ignore gravity and treat a neutron star as a nucleus then the
attractive strong force says that nuclear potential energy has to be negative. Energy has to be supplied to remove neutrons. Once the range of the strong force is exceeded, we have a neutron being removed from a neutral bunch of neutrons, i.e. no more energy needed. Thus "neutron-emission" requires and does not release energy
!
Labeling this as "nuclear insanity" rather than ignorance is because
Oliver K. Manuel was a Professor of Nuclear Chemistry who must have known about the strong force and choose to deny it in this paper.
A minor insanity of the paper is that 2006 was 4 years after the missing neutrino flux was detected. We knew in 2006 that core fusion matches the entire energy output of the Sun.
That leads to a lie by citing W. A. Fowler in a 1988 book about the solved in 2006 missing solar neutrino problem. Not one of the authors seem competent enough to do basic literature searches which would have shown that the reference was out of date!