The Sun is a plasma diffuser that sorts atoms by mass paper by O. Manuel, S. A. Kamat, M. Mozina (Michael) does not stop with
physical insanity or
nuclear insanity.
Fig 1. shows that the authors are abysmally ignorant about the Sun to the point that "solar insanity" is not inappropriate.
"The top section is a "running difference" image of the Sun's iron-rich sub-surface from the Trace satellite using a 171 Å filter sensitive to Fe (IX) and Fe (X) emissions. A movie of a flare and mass ejection from this region of AR 9143 on 28 August 2000 is here...".
The photosphere is the surface of the Sun where light escapes from the solar interior. There is no light emitted from below the photosphere (the implied "sub-surface").
The top third of the Sun is the convection zone where plasma is mixed up, is the same composition as photospheric plasma and cannot be "iron-rich".
This is a lie about the paper title since any "iron-rich sub-surface" will be sorted to be within the body of the Sun not close to the surface.
The TRACE spacecraft is the Transition Region And Corona Explorer. Many images will of light from the solar atmosphere (transition region and corona), not the surface. This is confirmed by the use of the
171 Å filter detecting light from only Fe ions in mostly hydrogen plasma that have lost 9 electrons and are at temperatures > 160,000 K.
Flares and mass ejections happen above the surface of the Sun
!
"The bottom section has a grid system to show rotation (left to right) of the Sun’s rigid, iron-rich structure over a 5-day period of 1-5 June 2005 in four images from the SOHO satellite using a 195 Å filter that is also sensitive to Fe (XII) emission" is even worse.
A
195 Å filter gives images of light from Fe XII ions at temperatures > 500,000 K, i.e. well into the solar corona!
What we see is running difference images of "structures"
in the solar atmosphere , probably
solar prominences: "A prominence forms over timescales of about a day and may persist in the corona for several weeks or months"
Citing a web site that includes the statement "The surface crust of the sun is mostly made of iron" with an image of a meteorite is part of what turns solar ignorance into solar insanity.
A "Further discussion of these images will be postponed until the experimental basis has been presented for concluding that the Sun acts as a plasma diffuser, hiding its iron-rich interior beneath a veneer of lightweight elements." lie. This is the last discussion of the images!
There is a description of meteorites and literature on their composition as remnants of supernova. This is not evidence of the Sun acting as a plasma diffuser.
That ends with a statement of their fantasy: "The Sun formed on the collapsed core of a supernova (Fig. 2) and consists mostly of elements (See right side, Fig. 7) produced in the SN interior – Fe, O, Ni, Si, and S [22]"
P.S. Fig 2. Adds that rocky planets form in an "Fe-rich" part of the SN and gas planets formed in "outer SM layers".
Two authors working at the University of Missouri, Rolla, US and someone on the Internet have not bothered to learn about the Sun and stars.
The mixing of the convective zone of the Sun means that the outer third of the Sun is 73.46% H and 24.85 He. The inner radiative zone has static plasma and no evidence of having a different composition. Thus the entire Sun is mostly H and He.
The mass of the Sun should be higher than 1 solar mass with a massively denser plasma of mostly "Fe, O, Ni, Si, and S". This is a vital calculation the authors miss out.
Stars actually form from molecular clouds of H and He with only traces of other elements. This was well established in 2005 and better established today. Recently we took images of planets in a young system clearing out their orbit.
The composition of supernova is not that of meteorites!
There is an implication of every star forming this way but supernova are rare. The vast majority of stars end up as white dwarfs. Alternately this is special pleading for the Sun alone when the Sun is a common star.
