Did you know that we have used radiation to cause random mutations in at least 3,000 crop plants to generate new varieties? They go through around 10,000 to one million mutants to select the right one. That gave us red grapefruit, varieties of rice, wheat, barley, pears, peas, cotton, peppermint, sunflowers, peanuts, sesame, bananas, cassava, sorghum, and disease-resistant cocoa. The mutant wheat is used for bread and pasta and the mutant barley for beer and fine whiskey. It's called
mutation breeding (mutagenesis), and these days it's relatively easy to see where in the genome the mutations have occurred and even discover how they take effect.
Radiation causes the same kind of mutations in the natural world too, although in a less controlled way.