Schaff's - Luther's Translation of the Bible
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The Original Text
The basis for Luther's version of the Old Testament was the Massoretic text as published by Gerson Ben Mosheh at Brescia in 1494.
(24) He used also the Septuagint, the Vulgate of Jerome
(25) (although he disliked him exceedingly on account of his monkery), the Latin translations of the Dominican Sanctes Pagnini of Lucca (1527), and of the Franciscan Sebastian Münster (1534), the "
Glossa ordinaria" (a favorite exegetical vade-mecum of Walafried Strabo from the ninth century), and Nicolaus Lyra (d. 1340), the chief of mediaeval commentators, who, besides the Fathers, consulted also the Jewish rabbis.
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The basis for the New Testament was the second edition of Erasmus, published at Basel in Switzerland in 1519.
(27) His first edition of the Greek Testament had appeared in 1516, just one year before the Reformation. He derived the text from a few mediaeval MSS.
(28) The second edition, though much more correct than the first ("
multo diligentius recognitum, emendatum," etc.), is disfigured by a large -number of typographical errors.
(29) He laid the foundation of the
Textus Receptus, which was brought into its mature shape by R. Stephen, in his "royal edition" of 1550 (the basis of the English
Textus Receptus), and by the Elzevirs in their editions of 1624 and 1633 (the basis of the Continental
Textus Receptus), and which maintained the supremacy till Lachmann inaugurated the adoption of an older textual basis (1831).
Luther did not slavishly follow the Greek of Erasmus, and in many places conformed to the Latin Vulgate, which is based on an older text. He also omitted, even in his last edition, the famous interpolation of the heavenly witnesses in 1 John 5:7, which Erasmus inserted in his third edition (1522) against his better judgment.
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