Hello,
Many Trinitarians have alleged that Christ identified himself as God in John 8:58, where Jesus tells the Jews:
First, let's look at the Septuagint reading (The Septuagint, or LXX, is a Greek translation of the OLD Testament from 300 BC that contains the readings used by the NT writers more so than the Massoretic Text). It reads:
Ego eimi ho own is also used elsewhere in Revelation 1:8, where God says:
Now, let's fast forward to John 8:58, where Christ says he was before Abraham. The Greek reads as follows:
Now, does using a present tense phrase (I am) in reference to a past event (before Abraham was) mean that Christ is ever present and exists outside of time? Not at all. This usage of the Greek present tense in regard to a past event is called a Durative Present Tense. It is used elsewhere in a similar way, where Jesus says to his disciples:
Some argue against this, saying that the Jews would not have tried to stone him in John 8:59 if he were not claiming to be God. However, that is not the case. Contextually, since Jesus promised that those who followed him would have eternal life, the Jews were accusing him of claiming to be greater than Abraham and the prophets who were dead.
Your brother in Christ,
Jason
Many Trinitarians have alleged that Christ identified himself as God in John 8:58, where Jesus tells the Jews:
"Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am." (John 8:58 KJV)
The argument is based upon the common English translation of what God spoke to Moses in Exodus 3:14:
"And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you." (Exodus 3:14 KJV)
In the King James Bible (and others) God says, "I AM THAT I AM" and "I AM hath sent me to you." So was Christ making a parallel statement when he said, "Before Abraham was, I am" (KJV)?
First, let's look at the Septuagint reading (The Septuagint, or LXX, is a Greek translation of the OLD Testament from 300 BC that contains the readings used by the NT writers more so than the Massoretic Text). It reads:
"And God spoke to Moses, saying, I am the one who is: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, The one who is hath sent me unto you." (Exodus 3:14 LXX)
The phrase translated as "I am the one who is" is "ego eimi ho own." Ego eimi is Greek for "I am" ho own is Greek for "the one who is." Furthermore, in Exodus 4:14b, God says, "Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, The one who is (ho own) hath sent me unto you."
Ego eimi ho own is also used elsewhere in Revelation 1:8, where God says:
"I am (ego eimi) Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is (ho own), and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty." (Revelation 1:8 KJV)
You see, the phrase means, "I am the one who is." This makes sense more so than the common rendering we often hear, "I AM THAT I AM," and "I AM hath sent me."
Now, let's fast forward to John 8:58, where Christ says he was before Abraham. The Greek reads as follows:
"...before Abraham was, ego eimi" (John 8:58)
Notice, he did not say, "Before Abraham was, ego eimi ho own" Rather, he uses a common phrase, "ego eimi," which is used by many others in the Bible, and it simply means, "I am _____."
Now, does using a present tense phrase (I am) in reference to a past event (before Abraham was) mean that Christ is ever present and exists outside of time? Not at all. This usage of the Greek present tense in regard to a past event is called a Durative Present Tense. It is used elsewhere in a similar way, where Jesus says to his disciples:
"And ye also shall bear witness, because este (present tense - "ye are") with me from the beginning." (John 15:27)
Now, our Lord was not saying that the disciples were present in the present and past simultaneously. Rather, in the Greek, the Durative Present tense shows a continuation from a past point in time up to the present time. Hence, the translation we usually find in John 15:27 says, "Ye have been with me from the beginning" not, "ye are with me from the beginning." Likewise, the translation of John 8:58 would better convey the Greek usage of the present tense in relation to a past event by reading, "Before Abraham was, I have been."
Some argue against this, saying that the Jews would not have tried to stone him in John 8:59 if he were not claiming to be God. However, that is not the case. Contextually, since Jesus promised that those who followed him would have eternal life, the Jews were accusing him of claiming to be greater than Abraham and the prophets who were dead.
"Verily, verily, I say unto you, If a man keep my saying, he shall never see death. Then said the Jews unto him, Now we know that thou hast a devil. Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and thou sayest, If a man keep my saying, he shall never taste of death. Art thou greater than our father Abraham, which is dead? and the prophets are dead: whom makest thou thyself? ... Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day: and he saw [it], and was glad. Then said the Jews unto him, Thou art not yet fifty years old, and hast thou seen Abraham? Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I have been. Then took they up stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple, going through the midst of them, and so passed by." (John 8:51-53, 56-58)
Jesus promised eternal life to those who followed him, which the Jews took as a claim to be greater, or have a greater teaching, than Abraham and the prophets since they were dead. Jesus then says that Abraham looked forward to his day, and that he was before Abraham and continued to the present time. Then they picked up stones to stone him. Nowhere in this passage do we see a claim to be God. Nor do we see any parallel to Exodus 3:14. While this does admit that Christ existed before Abraham, such a claim does not make him God himself by default.
Your brother in Christ,
Jason
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