As part of the
Arab–Israeli conflict, especially during the
Second Intifada from 2000 to 2005,
Palestinian militant groups used children for
suicide bombings. Minors were recruited to attack
Israeli targets, both military and civilian. This deliberate involvement of children in armed conflict was condemned by international human rights organizations.
[1][2]
According to
Amnesty International, "Palestinian armed groups have repeatedly shown total disregard for the most fundamental human rights, notably the right to life, by deliberately targeting Israeli civilians and by using Palestinian children in armed attacks. Children are susceptible to recruitment by manipulation or may be driven to join armed groups for a variety of reasons, including a desire to avenge relatives or friends killed by the Israeli army."
[3]
According to the
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers "2004 Global Report on the Use of Child Soldiers", there were at least nine documented suicide attacks involving Palestinian minors between October 2000 and March 2004.
[5] In 2004, the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers reported that "there was no evidence of systematic recruitment of children by Palestinian armed groups," also noting that this remains a small fraction of the problem in other conflict zones such as
Africa, where there are an estimated 20,000 children involved in active
combat roles in the
Sudan alone.
[5][
page needed]
Human Rights Watch also reported that "there was no evidence that the Palestinian Authority (PA) recruited or used child soldiers."
[6]
According to the
Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group, in the
al-Aqsa Intifada, children were used as "messengers and couriers, and in some cases as fighters and suicide bombers in attacks on Israeli soldiers and civilians" during the
al-Aqsa Intifada.
Fatah,
Hamas,
Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement and the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine have all been implicated in involving children in this way. The issue was brought to world attention after a widely televised incident in which a mentally handicapped Palestinian teenager,
Hussam Abdo, was disarmed at an Israeli checkpoint.
[7] The youngest Palestinian suicide bomber who blew himself up was
Issa Bdeir, a 16-year-old high school student from the village of
Al Doha. He blew himself up in a park in
Rishon LeZion, killing a teenage boy and an elderly man.
According to the
Israel Defense Forces, 29 suicide attacks were carried out by youth under the age of 18 in 2000–2003. From May 2001, 22 shootings attacks and attacks using explosive devices were carried out by youth under the age of 18, and more than 40 youths under the age of 18 were involved in attempted suicide bombings that were thwarted (three in 2004).
On March 24, 2004, one week after capturing a bomb in the bag of 12-year-old
Abdullah Quran,
Hussam Abdo, a 16-year-old Palestinian (who initially claimed he was 14), was captured in a checkpoint near
Nablus wearing an
explosive belt. The young boy was paid by the
Tanzim militia to detonate himself at the checkpoint. IDF soldiers manning the checkpoint were suspicious of him and told him to stay away from people. Later, an
EOD team arrived and by using a police-sapper robot, removed the explosive belt from him.
[8][9] Hussam explained that he was offered 100
NIS and sex with virgins if he would perform the task. He said his friends mocked him in class.
[10][11]
On May 30, 2004,
The New York Times reported Israeli allegations that the
al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades were using children to recruit classmates as suicide bombers, and that one child, Nasser Awartani, 15, of Nablus allegedly recruited four of his classmates, one of whom was claimed by the
Shabak report on Awartani to be Hussam Abdo.
[12]
On June 16, 2004, two girls, aged 14 and 15, were arrested by the IDF for allegedly plotting a suicide bombing. According to an IDF statement, the two children were recruited by activists from Tanzim (
Fatah's armed wing), guided by
Hezbollah.
[13]
On July 3, the
Israeli Security Forces thwarted a suicide bombing that it claimed was to have been carried out by 16-year-old Muataz Takhsin Karini. Karini and two of his operators were arrested, while a 12 kg
explosive belt was detonated safely by an Israeli
EOD crew.
[14] On June 5, IDF forces detonated two explosive belts concealed in schoolbags. On July 14, the
Shin Bet in Kfar Maskha arrested 17-year-old suicide bomber Ahmed Bushkar, from
Nablus.
[15]
On September 23, 2004, a day before
Yom Kippur, the
Shin Bet and the
Israel Police announced their capture of a 15-year-old suicide bomber and a 7 kg
explosive belt in the village of Dir-Hana in the
Western Galilee. The 15-year-old was part of joint terrorist cell of
Tanzim and
Palestinian Islamic Jihad from Yamon village near
Jenin. The four were Palestinians who worked illegally in Israel. The 15-year-old was allegedly paid 1000 shekels in order to blow himself up in
Afula.
[16][17]
According to a
Shabak report published on September 26, 2004, about 292 Palestinian children have been involved in
terrorism.
[18]
On September 27, 2004, a 15-year-old suspected suicide bomber was arrested in
Nablus.
[19] On October 28, Ayub Maaruf, a 16-year-old
Fatah suicide bomber, was arrested near Nablus along with his operator.
[20]
On November 1, 16-year-old
Aamer Alfar blew himself up in
Tel Aviv's
Carmel Market, killing 3 Israelis in a suicide bombing that was claimed by the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Alfar's mother and father condemned what they saw as the exploitation of their son:
On February 3, 2005,
Mahmoud Tabouq, a 15- or 16-year-old Palestinian, was arrested at the
Huwara checkpoint near
Nablus carrying a bag containing an
explosive belt, an improvised gun, and 20 bullets. The belt was detonated safely by a
Magav bomb squad.
[21][22]
On April 12, a 15-year-old Palestinian boy identified as
Hassan Hashash was caught at Huwara checkpoint hiding five
pipe bombs under his coat. He tried to ignite them with a match when the soldiers apprehended him. Later he was disarmed, and
sappers detonated the bombs safely. Family members of Hashash suggested that he deliberately carried bombs into an IDF checkpoint in order to be arrested and study for the "Bagrut" final
exams in the Israeli jail.
[23] A week later, another Palestinian youth (aged 17) was caught carrying explosives in
Beit Furik checkpoint.
On April 27, two teenagers, aged 15 (though other sources cite their ages as 12 and 13), were arrested at a checkpoint near
Jenin after 11
explosive charges were found on them. One teenager was recruited by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the other by the
al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades. The two told interrogators that they had been acting as couriers for terrorists, but security forces suspect they planned to get close to the soldiers and then detonate the charges.
[24]
On May 22, Iad Ladi, a 14- or 15-year-old Palestinian
suicide bomber was arrested at a Huwara checkpoint near
Nablus. This was the 14th time during April and May that a Palestinian child was arrested as a bomber or a courier. Two days later, another 15-year-old Palestinian teen carrying two
pipe bombs, was caught at the same checkpoint. On June 15, The Israeli press reported that the
Shabak arrested a Palestinian militant cell in Nablus during the previous month. The cell included eight members, four of whom were child suicide bombers. The cell was on the verge of committing another suicide bombing attack using the four children. According to the Shin Bet, the cell was directed and funded by the
Fatah's
Tanzim branch and the Lebanese group
Hezbollah.
[25]
On October 11, a 14-year-old Palestinian boy was arrested by IDF forces. He told the soldiers he was forced to agree to commit a suicide bombing when two terrorists from
Fatah's
Tanzim faction threatened to murder him by spreading a leaflet accusing him of collaboration unless he agreed. They took pictures of him with a gun and the
Qur'an and forced him to write his own will.
[26]
On August 27, a 15-year-old Palestinian boy carrying two explosive devices on his body was arrested in the northern Gaza Strip after he attempted to carry out an attack against soldiers operating in the area against Palestinians launching
Qassam rockets on Israeli civilians across the border inside Israel.
[27]
en.wikipedia.org