True and that the children shall not be put to death for the sins of fathers, but that every man shall be put to death for his own sin," (Deuteronomy 24:16; 24:16; 2 Kings 14:5,6; 2 Chronicles 25:4; Jeremiah 31:29,30; Ezekiel 18:20)is one of the most abundantly affirmed statements of Scripture, rightly understood as referring to actually being punished for the sins of their father.
For God does visit "the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me," (Exodus 34:7) in the sense of suffering due to their choices, which is a punishment upon the fathers that sinned.
But no one will face the 2nd death because they are punished for what someone else did, for instead this judgment is expressly stated to be according to their own works. (Revelation 20:11--15) and in relation to the degree and manner of grace and light given. (Luke. 10:10-15)
Even if a person never heard of Christ yet in essence they have rejected Him by rejecting the light they did have, and Christ is the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. (John 1:9)
And even if a soul is not granted repentance, yet they are justly condemned because they have chosen to sin when they did not have to, and will be judged according to the choices they could make and did, not for their failure to do what they could not.
Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, (Romans 1:21-22)
True, and thus, rather then being condemned due to what they were not personally culpable for (Adam's sin) or had no choice to do (sin as a result), and no ability to escape it (repent and believe the gospel), the lost are condemned for what they chose to do, although they could have chosen the alternative.
For while man is spiritually dead and inevitably will sin, the lost can still choose to sin and can resist doing so to a significant degree (although choices can result in being delivered over to sin), and it is this choice that the lost are condemned for - and in accordance with the degree of light and grace given - versus merely having a sinful nature or for what they had no hand in doing, or for what they were not able to resist or chose thru no fault of their own.
The lost are condemned because God has given them light, which they rejected:
For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: (Romans 1:20)
This foolish choice of rejecting the degree of light the lost had resulted in them become darkened :
Because that, when they knew [perceived] God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. (Romans 1:21)
They thus become fools, exchanging darkness for light, and changed their perception of God accordingly:
Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. (Romans 1:22,23)
Which resulted in God delivering them over to gross lusts and behavior:
Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves: Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. (Romans 1:24-25)
For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet. (Romans 1:26-27)
We see this today in America as a whole, with a link btwn worship of nature and homosexual fornication, and its consequences.
This choice to reject the light they had resulted in this deliverance unto darkness and degradation:
And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers... (Romans 1:28-29)
And which is in accordance with the principle the Lord taught:
Then Jesus said unto them, Yet a little while is the light with you. Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness come upon you: for he that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth. While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be the children of light. These things spake Jesus, and departed, and did hide himself from them. (John 12:35-36)
And,
we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things. (Romans 2:2)
Thus while man by nature is sinful, yet rather than being condemned for ignorance, or for the sins of others, or for what they had no other choice to do, the lost are condemned for what they could and did choose to do, rejecting the light they had in favor of deception, and then acting in accordance with it. They became foolish, and thus acted as fools.
For although the lost are spiritually dead, and born with a sinful nature, and God must grant salvific grace to the elect, yet the lost yet have an basic innate sense of right from wrong, and thus can "do by nature [the] things contained in the law," (Romans 2:14) or reject this light and act accordingly. And it is this choice, and in relation to the degree of light and grace given, that the lost are condemned for.
Then began he to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were done, because they repented not: Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works, which were done in you, had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment, than for you. And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. (Matthew 11:20-23)
The inhabitants of both Tyre, Sidon and Sodom, and of Chorazin, Bethsaida and Capernaum are justly condemned for their sins, even though in the former 3 locales greater grace could have worked repentance, but which God owes no one, esp. to such proud rejectors of light and lovers of sin.
Yet Chorazin, Bethsaida and Capernaum were more accountable and thus their judgment more severe due to their sins in accordance with the greater degree of light and grace they were given.
In contrast,
The Lord is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart; and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit. (Psalms 34:18)
It is these you find the Lord Jesus as their savior, and thus, being saved on His expense and account, follow Him:
My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me: And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand. (John 10:27-28)