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Intermediate fossils

imind

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lets keep on track here, spamming is never a good thing
thanks.
neither of my posts, containing anything offtopic, were spam.

I started this thread, if you dont like me/ the way i discuss then feel free not to post/ view the thread.
i dont really know why you started posting in the first place, you missed the entire discussion and come in at the last second to start up a little flame fest (at age 32...).
suggesting you to do your own research, given the availability of most of mankinds knowledge at your fingertips, is not flaming, and it is expected of you, at 19, to be able to do this.

and as i stated previously, having 'waded trough this entire thread', i missed nothing.
 
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pyro214

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neither of my posts, containing anything offtopic, were spam.
"roflmao"
"and i thought american kids were poor students."
"your point of view, in this instance, is not worth viewing"

Spam is usless information usually posted to raise post count.
Look at all your posts in this thread, give me an example of one thing youve contributed to this thread.

roflmao. you'll come back for more 'pictures'? how any of you have put up with this for some 20 pages is beyond me. send him to talk origins, or any other site, and have him do his own homework.
i was actually hoping that youd just leave and i wouldnt have to reply to your messages but since you refuse to leave i will explain to you.

you mocked my reply to this statement:
Evolution can withstand substantial amounts of refuted evidence, because there would still be so much left!
he claimed that theres such an excessive amount of evidence for macroevolution...i beleive otherwise. When i requested for him to post this "vast amount of evidence" it was more of a test to see if hes actually telling the truth. Ive tried looking evidence up in the past and it seems scarce. No im not just using these guys at my desire to find lovley pictures of how the world came to be...its a debate thread, more serious then that. You think i havnt done my own homework on the sitaution, you are sadly mistaken. Heres an essay i wrote on the topic:



"
Nov. 30, 2006 (// - ive been discussing evolution 2 weeks prior to this date and up until now.)

Macroevolution: True or False?​
One day in Smithers B.C., my Dad, Ken de Wit, hiked up a mountain in search of adventure. Once he reached the top of the mountain, a unique rock caught his attention. He peered down at the historic stone with excitement and brought it home. The object contained an embedded fish on its surface. Initially I, his son, found this very interesting but once he told me where he got it from, I became confused.
Biblical references describe that a flood, higher than mountains, once took place (Genesis 6:1-8). This would explain how a fish could die and be fossilized on top of a mountain. The Bible is a contradiction of macroevolution, each having a completely different view on how life began. After pooling together all this data I thought that I had proved the Bible to be true, thus resulting in macroevolution being false (or so I thought at the age of seven). I looked into the view an evolutionist had on the subject. Plate tectonics is a process in which the Earth’s crust moves. In some situations two Earth plates collide together, thus splitting upwards and forming a mountain, carrying fossils from ground level upwards. My inexperienced logical reasoning had been proven wrong. Is macroevolution actually true, or are there other flaws in it that have yet to be proven incorrect?
Macroevolution is a theory initially created by Charles Darwin that attempts to describe how life began. The theory states that all types of living creatures
de Wit 2​
came from a common ancestor. It says mutations, a fault in genetics, might cause an organism to be more successful. This would result in it having the possibility to survive longer than others of its type, enabling it to pass on its genes to future generations. An organism having a longer life span than normal due to a beneficial change in its characteristics is also known as “survival of the fittest”.
Charles Darwin concluded that through evolution, apes evolved into humans. If apes evolved into humans, then why are there still apes living today? If evolution results from survival of the fittest, monkeys should’ve died off by now. One may disagree and say that in certain parts of the Earth, it was necessary for apes to evolve where as in other parts, it was not. This statement is logical however it has yet to be proven accurate.
If this statement was true, isn’t it odd that only the initial stage, apes, and final stage, humans, still exist. If an improved version of an ape was created, why did it die off before its primary stage? Although this may seem extremely odd, it is still possible with a series of fortunate events. If we consider this series of fortunate events, monkeys only evolving in a specific part of the world without ever changing location, then fossil records of the intermediate stages should be easy to find.
Darwin said, "Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic chain... The explanation lies, as I believe, in the extreme imperfection of the geological record.”Darwin agreed in his statement that macroevolution should be proven correct through fossil records showing that animals had transitional stages.

de Wit 3​
During 1867, Darwin said that scientists had not discovered, due to lack of archaeological techniques and equipment, enough fossils to be able to find these intermediate stages.
It has now been 139 years since then and, despite the large amount of ancient bones uncovered by scientists, not a single intermediate fossil stage, proving evolution, has been discovered. If macroevolution was true, we would be able to find millions of intermediate bones. Unfortunately, for evolutionists, only a dreadfully few, controversial, sometimes fake, amount of intermediate fossil stages have been revealed. The only fossils that show evolution has occurred includes changes in the species itself (larger horses, smaller snails), this is known as microevolution. Not a single fossil shows one type of species mutating towards a different type of species.
Rather than looking narrowly at evidence behind macroevolution, flaws can also be found in the concepts behind this theory. Take the human eye for example. The human eye is dysfunctional unless fully developed. A single flaw with the human eye would cause it to not work.
If stages prior to a fully devolved eye are useless, then the evolutionary process of “survival of the fittest” would not apply. Therefore a transition from an organism without an eye, to an organism with an eye is impractical. Even if an organism managed to get a light sensitive section on their body, a brain and nerves would also have to be created simultaneously in order to make the light sensitive section useful. This would mean that a very large computation of connectable mutations would have to take place all at once. The chance of a single mutation taking place is 1 out of 8,000,000. The chances of this are so slim that mathematicians say it surpasses the threshold of impossibility (1
de Wit 4​
times 10 to the 50th)! Even though these chances are so slim, evolutionists say that these odds can be met over a large period of time.
Is the Earth’s timeline evolutionists have pronounced actually real? They have defined the Earth to be four and a half billion years old. This assumption is what a majority of macroevolution is based off of. Currently the best dating methods use radioactive decay in order to place an age on fossils, rocks, and even Earth. These methods are very inconsistent, unproven, and questionable assumptions. Scientific research has proven that decay rates can vary according to the chemical environment.
Not only are the dating methods inaccurate but the concepts of its effects on Earth contain flaws. For example, according to evolution, life has existed on earth for approximately three and a half billion years. The soil layers on Earth consistently build up with the accumulation of dead plants and animals, as well as volcanic activity.
The amount of soil layers on Earth does not back up the theory that the world is billions, or even millions of years old. People may argue and say that the soil could have fallen into the ocean. If this were true, we would have no ocean because the dirt would cover all the water. We know this because the Earth builds up about an eighth of an inch of soil every year. This would mean that in one-hundred million years, two miles high of dirt would build up (equivalent to four times the height of Mount Everest)!
If the Earth is considered to be four and a half billion years old, the solar system in which it resides in must be equal to, or exceed this value. Flaws in this date are also shown by the current contents of space. Every day, the sun pushes approximately one-

de Wit 5​
hundred thousand particles of dust from space away from the solar system. If the solar system is this old, then why are there still billions of particles of dust in space?
Evolutionists say that the first living organisms were created when rain fell on the earth. The rain caused rocks to turn into a soupy mixture, which eventually turned into bacteria. Randy Alcorn explains,
“Evolutionists admit that the chances of evolutionary progress are extremely low. Yet, they believe that given enough time, the apparently impossible becomes possible. If I flip a coin, I have a 50/50 chance of getting heads. To get five "heads" in a row is unlikely but possible. If I flipped the coin long enough, I would eventually get five in a row. If I flipped it for years nonstop, I might get 50 or even 100 in a row. But this is only because getting heads is an inherent possibility. What are the chances of me flipping a coin, and then seeing it sprout arms and legs, and go sit in a corner and read a magazine? No chance. Given billions of years, the chances would never increase. Great periods of time make the possible likely but never make the impossible possible. No matter how long it's given, non-life will not become alive.”
Despite the sarcasm and over exaggeration used in this statement, it brings up the point of how illogical it is to have a non living material convert to a living organism. How could something as simple as a wet rock develop abilities such as walking, thinking, feeling, and loving?

de Wit 6​
Macroevolution has many flaws in it leading to the assumption that there is a very good chance it is false. There are no intermediate stages of evolution living today, or shown in fossil records. Evolutionists base the theory of macroevolution on the assumption that the age of the Earth is billions of years old yet there way of determining this assumption has many flaws. Geographic layers of soil on Earth and the contents of particles in space contradict this theory. The mere concept of how non living things progressed into living things with complex body parts and human like emotions is absurd. If macroevolution was such a huge historical event, why is the only hard evidence we discover point against it? The main concepts I have presented are enough to convince one that macroevolution is unproven, and most likely a false theory. I think it is time that humans start looking beyond this fragile theory and move onto discovering other theories of how life came about. Is the only reasonable explanation for our existence that God created what we have today?"

note: because of this thread, some of my views on these areas have changed now that i have a wider perspective of the theory.
 
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Wiccan_Child

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Bearing in mind that 'macroevolution' has been coopted by the Creationism movement, it might also be prudent to define macroevolution before you rally against it (as, for example, the misinformed often rally against 'Evolution', when they in fact object to 'The Theory of Evolution').
Indeed, most evolutionary biologists reject that macroevolutionary events even exist, merely cumulative 'micro'evolution over relatively long periods of time.
 
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imind

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"roflmao"
"and i thought american kids were poor students."
"your point of view, in this instance, is not worth viewing"

Spam is usless information usually posted to raise post count.
Look at all your posts in this thread, give me an example of one thing youve contributed to this thread.
well, in my first post, while containing commentary on this thread in general, also provided you with info regarding fossilization, in that its a rare phenomenon, and that the evidence for evolution extends well beyond mere fossils.

my second post provided you with a link to an intro to evolutionary biology, something you should have read before even entering into this debate or, at the very least, read something similar.

and the one prior to this was directed at the charges you made against me of spamming.

this final one is to re-iterate what i've already posted.

you mocked my reply to this statement:
no, i responded to your statement that you would return for more pictures of evolution, as if that alone is enough to support it.

i end this post with another little goldmine of info for you.

everything you've always wanted to know about evoultion but didn't take the time to look for...

happy reading! :wave:
 
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Valkhorn

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From your article:

During 1867, Darwin said that scientists had not discovered, due to lack of archaeological techniques and equipment, enough fossils to be able to find these intermediate stages.
It has now been 139 years since then and, despite the large amount of ancient bones uncovered by scientists, not a single intermediate fossil stage, proving evolution, has been discovered.
This is a lie.

From:
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-misconceptions.html

"There are no transitional fossils."

A transitional fossil is one that looks like it's from an organism intermediate between two lineages, meaning it has some characteristics of lineage A, some characteristics of lineage B, and probably some characteristics part way between the two. Transitional fossils can occur between groups of any taxonomic level, such as between species, between orders, etc. Ideally, the transitional fossil should be found stratigraphically between the first occurrence of the ancestral lineage and the first occurrence of the descendent lineage, but evolution also predicts the occurrence of some fossils with transitional morphology that occur after both lineages. There's nothing in the theory of evolution which says an intermediate form (or any organism, for that matter) can have only one line of descendents, or that the intermediate form itself has to go extinct when a line of descendents evolves.

To say there are no transitional fossils is simply false.
Paleontology has progressed a bit since Origin of Species was published, uncovering thousands of transitional fossils, by both the temporally restrictive and the less restrictive definitions. The fossil record is still spotty and always will be; erosion and the rarity of conditions favorable to fossilization make that inevitable. Also, transitions may occur in a small population, in a small area, and/or in a relatively short amount of time; when any of these conditions hold, the chances of finding the transitional fossils goes down. Still, there are still many instances where excellent sequences of transitional fossils exist. Some notable examples are the transitions from reptile to mammal, from land animal to early whale, and from early ape to human. For many more examples, see the transitional fossils FAQ in the talk.origins archive, and see http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/talk_origins.html for sample images for some invertebrate groups.

The misconception about the lack of transitional fossils is perpetuated in part by a common way of thinking about categories. When people think about a category like "dog" or "ant," they often subconsciously believe that there is a well-defined boundary around the category, or that there is some eternal ideal form (for philosophers, the Platonic idea) which defines the category. This kind of thinking leads people to declare that Archaeopteryx is "100% bird," when it is clearly a mix of bird and reptile features (with more reptile than bird features, in fact). In truth, categories are man-made and artificial. Nature is not constrained to follow them, and it doesn't.
Some Creationists claim that the hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium was proposed (by Eldredge and Gould) to explain gaps in the fossil record. Actually, it was proposed to explain the relative rarity of transitional forms, not their total absence, and to explain why speciation appears to happen relatively quickly in some cases, gradually in others, and not at all during some periods for some species. In no way does it deny that transitional sequences exist. In fact, both Gould and Eldredge are outspoken opponents of Creationism.
"But paleontologists have discovered several superb examples of intermediary forms and sequences, more than enough to convince any fair-minded skeptic about the reality of life's physical genealogy." - Stephen Jay Gould, Natural History, May 1994​

I also told you why Randy Alcorn is not a credible scientific source. So, why are you quoting him?

http://www.epm.org/randysbio.html

As you can see, he is no scientist and has no degree in any scientific related field. In other words he doesn't know what he's talking about.
 
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Valkhorn

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Also, since Randy Alcorn likes to lie and since Pyro can't accept there are intermediate fossls, here are a ton of them:

jaws1.gif


orbulina_work.jpg


fossiltopper.jpg


trans01.JPG


And here's a nice genetic chart:

I11-35-Y21.jpg


Pyro, I told you before that Randy Alcorn is not a credible source and clearly these illustrations show that he is dishonest and is not telling the truth. So, why are you quoting him?
 
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RedAndy

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Pyro, I told you before that Randy Alcorn is not a credible source and clearly these illustrations show that he is dishonest and is not telling the truth. So, why are you quoting him?
It is difficult to find credible sources supporting Creationism. Be fair, he can only work with what he's got.
 
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pyro214

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Pyro, I told you before that Randy Alcorn is not a credible source and clearly these illustrations show that he is dishonest and is not telling the truth. So, why are you quoting him?

calm down man, read the date on that article...only purpose was to show ive done research on the topic before.

trans01.JPG

microevolution can be a change in size, not a change in species.

like Wiccan_Child said earlier, maybe its best we define what macroevolution is before we start attacking it.
 
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Valkhorn

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calm down man, read the date on that article...only purpose was to show ive done research on the topic before.
Quoting non-credible sources is NOT research. Neither is cutting and pasting them or even reading them because their cases do NOT hold water.

If you wanted to learn about Geology, would research into automobile mechanics qualify as research in that field? No!

If you wanted to learn about zoology and all you did was read sketchy reports about the Loch Ness monster and find fuzzy photos of bigfoot, is that research? No.

When i argue against evolution i usually state that there is no intermediate stages backing up evolution, even though evolutoin suggests there should be billions of them. Am i the only one that has yet to see a intermediate fossil?
Pretty much because there are millions of them.
 
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Valkhorn

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calm down man, read the date on that article...only purpose was to show ive done research on the topic before.

Also, the guy doesn't know what he's talking about and keeps repeating lie after lie, misinformation after misinformation.

That is not real reasearch.
 
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pyro214

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Quoting non-credible sources is NOT research. Neither is cutting and pasting them or even reading them because their cases do NOT hold water.

If you wanted to learn about Geology, would research into automobile mechanics qualify as research in that field? No!

If you wanted to learn about zoology and all you did was read sketchy reports about the Loch Ness monster and find fuzzy photos of bigfoot, is that research? No.

Pretty much because there are millions of them.
meh, got me 80% in english.
seems like my teacher thought otherwise.
dude im 19 and its not like ive studied this my whole life, give me a break and stop compalining. Your even trying to pick on a essay i wrote for school 3 months ago, even though the soul purpose of it was to show that i did research in the past and didnt just come here to get you guys to explain A-Z for me.
I did not research things that were besides the point...your examples are next to childish.
 
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Valkhorn

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meh, got me 80% in english.

Which is not peer-reviewed scientific research or a real scientific research paper/class.

seems like my teacher thought otherwise.

They probably weren't grading you on your lack of scientific knowledge but on grammar. They were also an English teacher, not a doctorate level Biologist.

dude im 19 and its not like ive studied this my whole life, give me a break and stop compalining.

The problem is you don't know how to study it. You start with a conclusion before you know the facts - that is why the only thing you can use to base your claims is from a guy who doesn't even have a real doctorate in anything.

Your even trying to pick on a essay i wrote for school 3 months ago, even though the soul purpose of it was to show that i did research in the past and didnt just come here to get you guys to explain A-Z for me.

Um you didn't source it or cite your sources. And some of the quotes were from non-credible sources.

And I think you should ask more questions then tell us things because you constantly show (20+ pages by now) that you don't know what Evolution is and what it isn't.

I did not research things that were besides the point...your examples are next to childish.

My photographs of real fossils? My illustrations of how genetics and Evolution go hand in hand? My graphics of clear transitional fossils?

If you think tangible evidence that strongly supports Evolution is childish then you really do not know what you are talking about and have no desire to learn.
 
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Valkhorn

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I did not research things that were besides the point...your examples are next to childish.

Also my examples make sense to the point that you are not using credible unbiased sources.

You use sources that clearly have assumptions and an agenda - assumptions that readily ignore facts that contradict them. You use sources and people who start with the Bible first before they have any evidence.

Real science does not do this. Real science does not have unbased assumption. Creationism does.

Creationism is pretty much in the realm of the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot, and Cryptozoology. It has no tangible evidence, no peer-reviewed research, ample lies and hoaxes, and people willing to even break the law (Kent Hovind) to peddle what is obviously a load of garbage.
 
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pyro214

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valkhorn, ill be the man in this situation and just leave the fight were it is...only kids carry on such a pointless discussion. Obviously i need to go to another forum for my questions. [only for this topic, still will stay with this forum for other stuff, just seems some of the people in the evolutionary section are not what im looking for....not judging you as people, just dislike you debating techniques)
thanks for the help on the topic, Bye.

valkhorn said:
Um you didn't source it or cite your sources. And some of the quotes were from non-credible sources.
if your really intrested,

[FONT=&quot]Eldredge, Niles. The monkey business: a scientist looks at creationism. New York, N.Y. : [/FONT][FONT=&quot] Washington Square Press, 1982.[/FONT][FONT=&quot]Tiffin, Lee. Creationism's upside-down pyramid: how science refutes [/FONT][FONT=&quot] fundamentalism. Amherst, N.Y. : Prometheus Books, 1994.[/FONT][FONT=&quot]Newell, Norman Dennis. Creation and evolution: myth or reality?. New [/FONT][FONT=&quot] York: Columbia UP, 1982.[/FONT][FONT=&quot]Berra, Tim M. Evolution and the myth of creationism: a basic guide to [/FONT][FONT=&quot] the facts in the evolution debate. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford [/FONT][FONT=&quot] UP, 1990.[/FONT][FONT=&quot]Montagu, Ashley, ed. Science and creationism. New York: Oxford UP, 1984.[/FONT] "Some major flaws in Evolutionary Theory." Adequacy. 14 Nov 2001. 28 Nov 2006 <http://www.adequacy.org/stories/2001.9.30.172813.212.html>.





de Wit 8​
"Evolution's Flaws." Angelfire. 28 Nov 2006 <http://www.angelfire.com/tn2/EAStrong88/EvolutionFlaws.html>.

Alcorn, Randy. " Ten Major Flaws of Evolution." Creationism Unleashed. 16 Aug 2005. 28 Nov 2006 <http://creationismunleashed.blogspot.com/2005/08/ten major flaws-of-evolution.html>.

"Quote: Charles Darwin About Fossils." Don Lindsay Archive. 20 Oct 1997.
28 Nov 2006 <http://www.don-lindsay-archive.org/creation/darwin_fossil.html>.

"Evolution. " Wikipedia. 8 Nov 2006. 30 Nov 2006 <http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution>.

MacMillan, David. "What Kind of Evidence?." Creationism Unleashed. 09 Nov 2005. 2 Dec 2006 <http://creationismunleashed.blogspot.com/>.

Sacasas, Michael. "Bible Study: Genesis." Suite 101. 4 Dec 2006 <http://www.suite101.com/lesson.cfm/19167/2762/1>.

Warren, Edward. Internet interview. Nov 24 2006
 
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Valkhorn

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So you'll leave because you are afraid of facts, pyro?

With regards to your references:

"Evolution's Flaws." Angelfire. 28 Nov 2006 <http://www.angelfire.com/tn2/EAStrong88/EvolutionFlaws.html>.

Its an Angelfire site. Not exactly something that's scientific.

Alcorn, Randy. " Ten Major Flaws of Evolution." Creationism Unleashed. 16 Aug 2005. 28 Nov 2006 <http://creationismunleashed.blogspot.com/2005/08/ten major flaws-of-evolution.html>.

This is Randy Alcorn. I told you how he is not a valid source.

"Quote: Charles Darwin About Fossils." Don Lindsay Archive. 20 Oct 1997.
28 Nov 2006 <http://www.don-lindsay-archive.org/creation/darwin_fossil.html>.

Darwin was 160 years ago. Since then plenty of fossils have been uncovered to support Evolution.

"Evolution. " Wikipedia. 8 Nov 2006. 30 Nov 2006 <http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution>.

One credible source... wow.

MacMillan, David. "What Kind of Evidence?." Creationism Unleashed. 09 Nov 2005. 2 Dec 2006 <http://creationismunleashed.blogspot.com/>.

Again, not a credible source.

Sacasas, Michael. "Bible Study: Genesis." Suite 101. 4 Dec 2006 <http://www.suite101.com/lesson.cfm/19167/2762/1>.

Again, not a credible source.

Warren, Edward. Internet interview. Nov 24 2006

I can't even find this guy anywhere.

Of all those 'sources' you only had possibly ONE that could be valid. The rest were biased sources.

Again, this is what you're doing:

  1. Conclusion: THE BIBLE!!!!
  2. Facts? Maybe
  3. If 'facts' contradict... THEY'RE WRONG
You can't do this. This is how Science should work:
  1. Fact
  2. Fact
  3. Fact
  4. Then a conclusion
Creationism does not do this. Once again you fail.
 
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Valkhorn

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Also, with:
http://www.adequacy.org/stories/2001.9.30.172813.212.html

I stopped when he mentioned mathematical probability. That is a very flawed argument because Evolution may be random but natural selection is not. So that source fails.

With this:
[FONT=&quot;]Eldredge, Niles. The monkey business: a scientist looks at creationism. New York, N.Y. : [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] Washington Square Press, 1982.[/FONT][FONT=&quot;]Tiffin, Lee. Creationism's upside-down pyramid: how science refutes [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] fundamentalism. Amherst, N.Y. : Prometheus Books, 1994.[/FONT][FONT=&quot;]Newell, Norman Dennis. Creation and evolution: myth or reality?. New [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] York: Columbia UP, 1982.[/FONT][FONT=&quot;]Berra, Tim M. Evolution and the myth of creationism: a basic guide to [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] the facts in the evolution debate. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] UP, 1990.[/FONT][FONT=&quot;]Montagu, Ashley, ed. Science and creationism. New York:[/FONT]

I don't think you read any of these because you always seem to show you have no clue what Evolution is.
[FONT=&quot][/FONT]
You even say there are no intermediate fossils - which is clearly not true. If you did your homework you'd know this. But, you don't, so I don't think you have.
 
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Valkhorn

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Actually let's itemize them:
[FONT=&quot;]Eldredge, Niles. The monkey business: a scientist looks at creationism. New York, N.Y.[/FONT]

Possibly a credible source... but he would have probably shown you plenty of intermediates if you looked. Yet you say there aren't any? Are you willfully blind?

[FONT=&quot;] : [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] Washington Square Press, 1982.[/FONT][FONT=&quot;]Tiffin, Lee. Creationism's upside-down pyramid: how science refutes [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] fundamentalism.[/FONT]

An old source but the title sounds about right. I'd try something more recent though so that it includes recent Evolutionary finds.

[FONT=&quot;] Amherst, N.Y. : Prometheus Books, 1994.[/FONT][FONT=&quot;]Newell, Norman Dennis. Creation and evolution: myth or reality?. New [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] York: Columbia UP, 1982.[/FONT]

Seems like a better source, couldn't find much on it though. However its an older book and wouldn't have some of the newer fossil discoveries and genetic finds.

But 1982 again? Why not something more recent?

[FONT=&quot;]Berra, Tim M. Evolution and the myth of creationism: a basic guide to [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] the facts in the evolution debate. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford [/FONT][FONT=&quot;] UP, 1990.[/FONT][FONT=&quot;]Montagu, Ashley, ed. Science and creationism. New York:[/FONT]

But it doesn't seem like you read any of those because you use tired old arguments that are easily refuted...
 
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