In high school, nobody asked further about how I became captain of the wrestling team. But when I became Editor-in-Chief of my school's annual Physical Science Journal, my qualifications were constantly queried. And when I was accepted to the college of my choice, I was continually asked for my SAT scores and grade point average. Indeed, one fellow student threatened to break into the school records to read my scores if I didn't tell.
When I first entered graduate school, (in an institution far from Columbia), I was eager to pursue my dreams of research astrophysics. But the first comment directed to me in the first minute of the first day by a faculty member who I had just met was, You must join our department basketball team. As the months and years passed, faculty and fellow students would suggest alternative careers for me thinking that they were doing me a favor,
Why don't you become a computer salesman?
Why don't you teach at a community college?
Why don't you leave astrophysics and academia? You can make much money in industry.
At no time was I perceived as a future colleague, though this privilege was enjoyed by other graduate students. When combined with the dozens of times I have been stopped and questioned by the police for going to and from my office after hours, and the hundreds of times I am followed by security guards in department stores, and the countless times people cross the street upon seeing me approach them on the sidewalk, I can summarize my life's path by noting that in the perception of society
- my athletic talents are genetic,
- I am a likely mugger-rapist,
- my academic failures are expected, and
- my academic successes are attributed to others.
Ladies and Gentlemen, to spend most of my life fighting these attitudes levies an emotional tax that is a form of intellectual emasculation. It is a tax that I would not wish upon my enemies. As of this afternoon, my Ph.D. will bring the national total of Black Astrophysicists from 6 to 7 (out of 4,000 nationwide). Given what I experienced, I am surprised there are that many.
I eventually learned that you can only be ridden if your back is bent. And, of course, that which doesn't kill you can make you stronger. Three years ago I transferred my graduate program to Columbia University when I was welcomed by the Department of Astronomy.
In the past two and a half years I
- received a twice-renewed NASA research fellowship
- published 4 research papers
- attended 4 international conferences (one in Switzerland, two in Italy, and one in Chile)
- had two popular-level books published: one in contract, and one released in 1989 that now enjoys a distribution in Japan with a Japanese translation
- was quoted in the New York Times three times
- appeared twice on network television, and
- was appointed to a well-respected post-doctoral research position at Princeton University's Department of Astrophysical Sciences beginning this fall.
I share all this with you only to note that it is remarkable what can be accomplished when you are surrounded by people who believe in you; people whose expectations are not set by the short-sighted attitudes of society—people who help to open doors of opportunity, not close them.
-- Neil DeGrasse Tyson,
May 14, 1991