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Extended Review of Michael Behe's Darwin Devolves

essentialsaltes

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CUNY biology professor Nathan Lents originally reviewed the book for Science in 2019. Now he provides a longer discussion of the book in the Skeptical Inquirer.

Behe, Bias, And Bears (Oh My!)
Nathan H. Lents

Recently, I reviewed Behe’s latest book, Darwin Devolves, for Science, the top scientific research journal in the United States (Lents et al. 2019). Behe argues that unguided random mutations serve primarily to damage genes and that doing so is occasionally good for the organism, leading to adaptation through natural selection of these damaging-but-advantageous mutations. Thus, Behe accepts that microevolution through random mutation can diversify organisms into species and genera—and perhaps families—but that something more is needed for large-scale evolutionary transitions.

Behe accepts the true age of the earth and admits that the evidence for the common ancestry of all life, including humans, is overwhelming. He sees a gap in evolutionary theory, however, in explaining the emergence of new kinds of organisms and concludes that it must require the intervention of the designer in some way. He stops short of providing evidence for the intervention and instead presents ID as the default position left standing after he shows how the unguided forces of evolution are insufficient for accounting for the origins and diversity of life.

But Behe does not show that. Darwin Devolves is mostly dedicated to explaining, often in great detail, how some high-profile examples of evolutionary research actually favor his view, rather than the interpretation of the scientists who did the work. As I will show, his discussion of every single example is misleading, sometimes egregiously so, insofar as he exaggerates the evidence that supports his view and ignores or dismisses the evidence that doesn’t. But even more damning is his near-complete omission of any discussion of the molecular and evolutionary forces that are responsible for the very phenomena he focuses on.
 

durangodawood

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....presents ID as the default position left standing after he shows how the unguided forces of evolution are insufficient for accounting for the origins and diversity of life....
How is ID any better that saying "it just happened" as a no-evidence last chance saloon explanation?
 
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Speedwell

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CUNY biology professor Nathan Lents originally reviewed the book for Science in 2019. Now he provides a longer discussion of the book in the Skeptical Inquirer.

Behe, Bias, And Bears (Oh My!)
Nathan H. Lents

Recently, I reviewed Behe’s latest book, Darwin Devolves, for Science, the top scientific research journal in the United States (Lents et al. 2019). Behe argues that unguided random mutations serve primarily to damage genes and that doing so is occasionally good for the organism, leading to adaptation through natural selection of these damaging-but-advantageous mutations. Thus, Behe accepts that microevolution through random mutation can diversify organisms into species and genera—and perhaps families—but that something more is needed for large-scale evolutionary transitions.
What we re failing to do by way of science education is to is to overcome that conceptual "gap" which is, in fact, imaginary. It seems obvious to me that there are no "large scale" evolutionary transitions which are not the result of repeated speciation, but I have not hit upon a productive way of making the point.
 
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Frank Robert

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CUNY biology professor Nathan Lents originally reviewed the book for Science in 2019. Now he provides a longer discussion of the book in the Skeptical Inquirer.

Behe, Bias, And Bears (Oh My!)
Nathan H. Lents
Thanks for starting this thread. I read the article at Skeptical Inquirer, it's an awesome article for anyone who whats to know more about ID.

If anyone is interested Nathan Lents is presently taking part in a conversation at Peaceful Science,
Behe Meets the Peaceful Science Forum
 
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ViaCrucis

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What sticks out to me is seemingly the assertion of an arbitrary boundary in the evolutionary process. Our taxonomic classifications are helpful for us, but the actual "boundaries" of life's inter-relatedness are a whole lot fuzzier.

What's to stop, e.g., Felis catus--the common domesticated cat--from over time and under the right conditions diversifying into myriad forms to occupy many different niches; resulting in the common house cat becoming a common ancestor to a wide array of clades?

Simply drawing an arbitrary line and saying, "Evolution can happen up to this point, but no further" seems like nothing more than argumentum ad incredulum.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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Astrid

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What sticks out to me is seemingly the assertion of an arbitrary boundary in the evolutionary process. Our taxonomic classifications are helpful for us, but the actual "boundaries" of life's inter-relatedness are a whole lot fuzzier.

What's to stop, e.g., Felis catus--the common domesticated cat--from over time and under the right conditions diversifying into myriad forms to occupy many different niches; resulting in the common house cat becoming a common ancestor to a wide array of clades?

Simply drawing an arbitrary line and saying, "Evolution can happen up to this point, but no further" seems like nothing more than argumentum ad incredulum.

-CryptoLutheran

I can see cats of greatly differing size, not so much
evolving a large grazing animal.

A generalized creature like the rat or
American possum, a lizard or a chicken
might have descendants as varied as
"Wolf" and "cow" from the rat or possum,
Crocodile or mososaur from lizards,
perching birds and terror birds from chickens.
 
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ViaCrucis

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I can see cats of greatly differing size, not so much
evolving a large grazing animal.

A generalized creature like the rat or
American possum, a lizard or a chicken
might have descendants as varied as
"Wolf" and "cow" from the rat or possum,
Crocodile or mososaur from lizards,
perching birds and terror birds from chickens.

It's why I conditioned my statement by saying under the right conditions. For example, under the right conditions and pressures, I don't see anything to stop a group of cat descendants from becoming more arboreal, and with arboreal-ness could come certain key adaptations--a prehensile tail, the paws becoming better to grip tree branches, etc. I'm obviously engaging in a great degree of speculation here; I'm simply making an inference based on common morphological adaptations associated with an arboreal lifestyle.

Also, while switching from obligatory carnivory to an herbivorous diet is difficult, it has happened many times in the past, such as with Atopodentatus which belongs to a group of mostly carnivorous marine reptiles, but which actually ate algae off the seafloor similar to today's manatees. It may be quite unlikely, but certainly isn't impossible, for a lineage of cats to adapt to herbivory under the right set of conditions and provided a sufficient amount of time.

My overall point is that it doesn't require an appeal to God to "fill in the gaps" in order to make sense of the full spectrum of evolutionary diversity.

As a Christian who accepts the science, I don't believe in a "God of the gaps"; but rather believe in the thoroughness of God's presence in creation. As such I don't need to make a special appeal to God in a kind of radical interventionist sort of way in order for the science to come out right; the science accounts for the observed processes and mechanisms of the universe; God as the Author of the universe is fully present throughout His handiwork.

I don't need to make a special appeal to God to explain why lightning flashes, we know why and how based on the scientific method and with thoroughly naturalistic explanations; but that does not mean that God is taken away from the equation. God is still there present throughout all creation.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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SelfSim

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What we re failing to do by way of science education is to is to overcome that conceptual "gap" which is, in fact, imaginary. It seems obvious to me that there are no "large scale" evolutionary transitions which are not the result of repeated speciation,
Is there any reason that 'repeated speciation' should be confined to a singular locale?
For example, if the emergence of self-replication was simultaneously global, then maybe its easy to see how an evolving self-replicator on one side of the world, could end up with very few similar macro features, from another one evolving on the other side of the world, or in a geographically separated (isolated), or radically different niche environment from the first?

Perhaps such a notion may be one those 'imaginary conceptual gaps' you're pondering there?
 
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Speedwell

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Is there any reason that 'repeated speciation' should be confined to a singular locale?
For example, if the emergence of self-replication was simultaneously global, then maybe its easy to see how an evolving self-replicator on one side of the world, could end up with very few similar macro features, from another one evolving on the other side of the world, or in a geographically separated (isolated), or radically different niche environment from the first?

Perhaps such a notion may be one those 'imaginary conceptual gaps' you're pondering there?
Sure, because it creates large apparent gaps in morphology which seem impossible to fill with successive small steps.
 
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FrumiousBandersnatch

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I wonder what is a " large scale evolutionary transition"?
There isn't one - it's the new 'No true Scotsman' fallacy - whatever the scale of evolutionary transition, it's never a "large scale evolutionary transition" ;)
 
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Astrid

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There isn't one - it's the new 'No true Scotsman' fallacy - whatever the scale of evolutionary transition, it's never a "large scale evolutionary transition" ;)
Ha. That was a question for a creationist to try to
explain.
 
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Astrid

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Good luck with that ;)

I'm not expecting people to actually identify a "leap",
nor to realize that there aren't any.
Its a bit more like an exercise in cultural anthropology
than a Quest for answers as such.
 
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PhantomGaze

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Thanks for starting this thread. I read the article at Skeptical Inquirer, it's an awesome article for anyone who whats to know more about ID.

If anyone is interested Nathan Lents is presently taking part in a conversation at Peaceful Science,
Behe Meets the Peaceful Science Forum

It looks like everyone is just waiting around on Behe to write his next piece to carry discussion forward.
 
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