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Evolution vs. Theology

mark kennedy

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mark, do you have a source for that definition? I don't see a reason to think that "Darwinism" means that.

All change in the organic, as well as in the inorganic world, being the result of law, and not of miraculous interposition. (Charles Darwin, Preface to On the Origin of Species)


Do you read my posts? On many occasions I've reaffirmed Christian theism, the Nicene Creed, and Jesus' act of redemption - and I'm far from being the only one. What more do you want?

A clear hermeneutic principle to distinguish when the Scriptures are describing a miracle as definitively distinct from an historical narrative.

Now I know you have no choice but to affirm the Nicene Creed since you couldn't be a Catholic if you didn't. Just clearly distinguish how theologically you can differentiate between an actual miracle and a mythical metaphor.

Let's start with an obvious one, what is a Leviathan? Is it a mythical metaphor or a literal fire breathing dragon?

I'm finding this hard to believe, mark. I myself have laid out these points many times - especially the description of a real, literal, single first human Adam (and I know you read those posts, because you aimed vitriol at them).

Oh I doubt seriously this comes as any surprise since I've cornered you on these points repeatedly. Do you still think Adam married an ape?

And, as above, I'm far from the only one. In addition to other posts, there is are whole websites and Christian organizations devoted to this, such as biologos.org. Did you already know about them? Have you read from their webpage?

In Christ-

Papias

Yes of course I've read Biologos many times, in fact, I've discussed a couple of NT Wrights articles at considerable length on here. It is devoid of a theological premise for theistic evolution and lacks a coherent hermeneutic for distinguishing between historical narrative and mythic metaphor. I want to be fair about his so tell me where NT Wright or any of the theologians Biologos stand on the incarnation for example.

You have abandoned your trolling tactics over time so maybe you would like to be the first TE to show the courage of your convictions. An honest exposition of an actual event as opposed to a mythic metaphor should do nicely. I warn you though, you would actually have to admit a miracle and may even have to defend it's historicity.

Grace and peace,
Mark
 
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Lopez 15721

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Theology:

1) YHWH is the God of life but evolution requires that he create through death. Satan is mentioned as the god of death in Scripture (Heb. 2:14).

2) YHWH creates an imperfect world

Scripture:

1) Six day creation account

2) Long ages of individuals in Genesis

3) Global flood of Noah

4) Tower of Babel

5) Death/cancer before the fall

6) Carnivorous animal activity before the fall

7) Various statements in the NT that indicate that the Genesis account is historical (e.g., Christ, Paul, Peter, etc.).

8) Eisegesis (reading evolution into Scripture)

9) Ignoring statements about tampering with the word of God, etc.
Through death there was life, though. The difference between Satan as the god of death and God using evolution which necessitates survival and so death is this: Satan is the god of death as he first sinned and introduced death into the world as matter of pride, whereas God does not sin and does not crate a world in which death occurs for life as a matter of pride but rather love. Even then, nature knows no morality, so it's not like it's immoral that a lion kill a zebra to live.

Theology doesn't mention the world was created perfect. In fact, nor does the Bible as it claims, "very good" which differs from perfection. Only when one claims the world was created perfect does theology get erroneous.

The six day creation account is contradictory taken in a literal manner. The sun is created on the 4th day, rendering the argument "day" means "yom" pointless as "yom" is defined in relation to the sunrise and sunset, not to mention it's impossible to have a day without the sun. There is also repetition involved in the creation account itself noting the separation of light and darkness twice, which gives reason to belive, on top of the two reasons already stated, it is an event that is historical described metaphorically or it didn't happen the way described literally at all.

Either Adam, being the first man with a soul, was special and granted some extended life as to be immortal with God and not sin, or the years mean something else entirely.

No human death occurred before the Fall. Animal and plant and other biological life died pre Fall. The Bible never says there was no such animal or plant death. Human death was made existent through Adam just as the Bible claims.

There actually is scriptural evidence for carnivorous animals. The original Hebrew for the animals Adam named are described as violent animals just like when we see them today. Thus leading us to believe Adam witnessed animals behaving violently in a carnivorous way.

Theistic evolution does not state Genesis isn't historical. Indeed we believe that it is, just not in the way of the earth being 6,000 years old.

I see no verse that evolution could be read into. That doesn't mean it's any less valid through. The Trinity isn't specifically mentioned in the Bible yet that is a doctrine of ours.
 
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Papias

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Achilles wrote

Originally Posted by Papias
Of course he was. Just as in Exodus 19, where God says he flew the Jews out of Egypt on giant eagles - he wasn't intending for us to take a narrow literal view. He was speaking figuratively. Similarly, in Genesis, there are all kinds of obvious signs in the text itself to guide interpretation away from a literal reading.
I see. Well as I said before, you can really make the Bible out to say whatever you wish it to say and no-one can technically refute you.

Lopez also points out some of the ways that the text itself is clear that it is not to be read literally.




You do have a much more serious problem, however, in the implications of evolution upon theology. As I said before, you are going to have to explain how YHWH, the God of life, creates through death and then proclaims it all "very good."



Lopez covered this too. You might also look at the theology discussed at biologos.org.


Originally Posted by Papias

Isa 40:22 descibes a flat earth - a flat disk. If you stood on a flat disk and looked around, you would see the horizon making a circle around you. That's why it says "circle", not "sphere".


Originally Posted by Papias
As you mentioned, the only thing suggesting a sphere is a deliberate mistranslation of the word "chuwg" in Isa 40:22, which means "flat disk", not “sphere”. The Hebrews have a word for "sphere", it is "dur". The writer would have used "dur" if he meant "sphere". This is clear in many other places in the Bibles where the world "dur" is used.
Actually, if you will visit this link you will see that the lexicon says differently:

Hebrew Lexicon :: H2329 (KJV)


Thanks for posting that. You can see than one source there lists "sphere" only secondarily, and the earlier source doessn't give "sphere" at all.

In addition to this lexicon confirmation that "flat disk", not "sphere" is intended in Isa 40:22, one can simply read the text itself.
He sits enthroned above the circle of the earth,
and its people are like grasshoppers.
He stretches out the heavens like a canopy,
and spreads them out like a tent to live in.

In addition to not using the word "dur" (because it's not saying "sphere"), 40:22 specifies the earth is like the ground under a tent (the heavens). You put a tent on flat ground. You can't put a tent on top of a sphere.



The Bibles tell us that the earth is flat like a piece of clay stamped under a seal (Job 38:13-14),

I don't think that's what the verse says ;)

Not a response. Clay stamped under a seal is about as flat as you can get.


Originally Posted by Papias
that it has edges as only a flat plane would (Job 38:13-14,.Psa 19:4), has a length as only a flat plane would (

Dan 4:11, Job 11:9, Job 28:24, Job 37:3, Job 38:13, Job 38:44, Jrm 16:19),


That is not what these passages are actually saying.

Not a response. These verses all show a flat earth.

Originally Posted by Papias
and that its entire surface can be seen from a high tree (Dan 4:10-11)

I believe that was Nebuchadnezzar's dream ;) And he did rule the entire known world of Daniel's time.


"Known" to the Hebrews, maybe, but I think we agree that God has always known about the whole world. So yes, this one too shows a flat earth, since only on a flat earth would a high tree allow you to see the whole world.

Originally Posted by Papias
or mountain (Matt 4:8),

Satan showed Christ some sort of revelation in time to behold all the kingdoms of the world:

"5 And he led Him up and showed Him all the kingdoms of [b]the world in a moment of time." Luke 4:5 (NASB)

Nothing about the earth being a flat disk ;)

Just like the tree, the fact that the devil needed to take him to a high mountain shows that a flat earth is assumed. After all, if the devil was going to give him a revelation and show it as a video, then he could have done it right there. The text doesn't say that a video/revelation was used, since from the mountain, all the kingdoms would be visible in a moment.


Look, we both know that God knows (and always has known) that the earth is a sphere - He made it after all! The point is that a literal reading of the Bibles in incorrect in all those places talking about the reality of the earth, and many of those don't even have all the clearly poetic elements of Genesis 1! Going by the Bibles, and only the Bibles, a believer would have to start from the position that Genesis is not to be interpreted literally, just as was clear to some early Christians as well, such as Origen, Augustine, etc.

In Christ Jesus-

Papias
 
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mark kennedy

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Look, we both know that God knows (and always has known) that the earth is a sphere - He made it after all! The point is that a literal reading of the Bibles in incorrect in all those places talking about the reality of the earth, and many of those don't even have all the clearly poetic elements of Genesis 1! Going by the Bibles, and only the Bibles, a believer would have to start from the position that Genesis is not to be interpreted literally, just as was clear to some early Christians as well, such as Origen, Augustine, etc.

The Levites who preserved the Hebrew Scriptures didn't have the slightest interest in astronomy. On occasion celestial objects are mentioned, usually as metaphors of some kind but the Scriptures are altogether silent on the geometric shape of the earth. What you will get is how the world looked to them and virtually all of the astronomers right up until the invention of the telescope.

Unlike Creation astronomy and geology are not even remotely related to essential Christian theism. The Scriptures simply don't speak to subjects like astronomy so what God knows about the geometry is irrelevant.
 
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Papias

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mark wrote:

Originally Posted by Papias
mark, do you have a source for that definition? I don't see a reason to think that "Darwinism" means that.
All change in the organic, as well as in the inorganic world, being the result of law, and not of miraculous interposition. (Charles Darwin, Preface to On the Origin of Species)

1. The full body of someone's writings are not automatically part of the definition of an "-ism". Darwin himself believed various things that are not part of "Darwinism". That's why we have dictionaries for definitions.

2. Even if we were to include this passage, it woudn't help your point. It says nothing about God not doing the creating, and only reaffirms the methodological naturalism of any science, including gravity and algebra. It says nothing about philosophical naturalism.

OK, how about trying a real definition, from a dictionary?





Do you read my posts? On many occasions I've reaffirmed Christian theism, the Nicene Creed, and Jesus' act of redemption - and I'm far from being the only one. What more do you want?
A clear hermeneutic principle to distinguish when the Scriptures are describing a miracle as definitively distinct from an historical narrative.
There is none. The scriptures are too complex to apply a simple-minded cookie-cutter test for "miracle" to.

Let's start with an obvious one, what is a Leviathan? Is it a mythical metaphor or a literal fire breathing dragon?

Sorry, off topic. If you'd like to discuss the theology of Job, then go ahead and start a thread on it in the appropriate forum.



I'm finding this hard to believe, mark. I myself have laid out these points many times - especially the description of a real, literal, single first human Adam (and I know you read those posts, because you aimed vitriol at them).

Oh I doubt seriously this comes as any surprise since I've cornered you on these points repeatedly. Do you still think Adam married an ape?
Hmm. sounds like passive -aggressive trash talk. I've explained the human status of Adam and Eve to you many times, including the question of what Adam married. Remember - I pointed out that both of us have married,and are ourselves, apes?

I want to be fair about his so tell me where NT Wright or any of the theologians Biologos stand on the incarnation for example.

If you are interested in his views on a given subject, you are free to ask him. I'm not sure why my views of his views are important views.


NT Wrights .....devoid of a theological premise ......and lacks a coherent hermeneutic

Wow, you attack everyone, including the scholars of the Bibles themselves, from a position of ignorance. So, do you consider yourself a better scholar of the scriptures than NT Wright?



Yes of course I've read Biologos many times,


OK, so let's get this straight. First, you say that you don't see TE's discussing theology, but then you:

  1. Say that you have read Biologos many times
  2. Talk about going to "considerable length" with NT Wright's stuff.
  3. Reference the dozens of threads that you, me, and others have discussed the theology of TE
  4. Include both Protestant (Shernren) and Catholic (me) formal debates involving theology and TE
  5. Mention a thread where we discussed at length the position paper from Pope Benedict on the theology of theistic evolution (anyone can see it herehttp://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/p80.htm), which is 19 pages long.
  6. etc.
So all that is "not discussing the theology of Theistic Evolution"?


You have abandoned your trolling tactics over time so maybe you would like to be the first TE to show the courage of your convictions. An honest exposition of an actual event as opposed to a mythic metaphor should do nicely. I warn you though, you would actually have to admit a miracle and may even have to defend it's historicity.

Back to the insults I see. That's sad to see, mark, as I was really hoping you would get over your bitterness. The last time (well, OK, probably not the last, but one of the other times) that you insulted people like this, you were called on it (post #164, http://www.christianforums.com/t7670434-17/), just as the Fijian just did as well.

We don't need all those insults again.

As far as miracles go, we Catholics are pretty friendly to miracles. We've got hundreds of Saints to pray to, each of which is said to have performed at least one, and often many, miracles. I've never denied the miracle of the ressurection here, or other clear miracles in the new testament, so I wonder where you get the idea that I have a problem with miracles. I wonder, mark, what do you think of all those hundreds of miracles that I just referenced?

In Christ-

Papias
 
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Assyrian

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So I guess meteorologists are wrong when they talk about sunrise and sunset. ;)
It's idiomatic, meteorologists don't actually think it is the sun moving. Joshua obviously did because it was the sun he commanded to stop, not the earth, whose rotation is responsible for the length of our days. Nor are the descriptions in Joshua, Ecclesiastes or Psalm 19 idiomatic phrases the writer were simply using. They were giving their own description of what the sun was doing, and these descriptions show they though the sun actually travelled across the heavens during the day and at night travelled to the place it rose again.
 
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mark kennedy

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1. The full body of someone's writings are not automatically part of the definition of an "-ism". Darwin himself believed various things that are not part of "Darwinism". That's why we have dictionaries for definitions.

If you remember right we have talked about the Modern Synthesis, aka neodarwinism, before. I know what Darwinism is and so do you.

2. Even if we were to include this passage, it woudn't help your point. It says nothing about God not doing the creating, and only reaffirms the methodological naturalism of any science, including gravity and algebra. It says nothing about philosophical naturalism.

If God creates life, it's a miracle, don't be absurd.

OK, how about trying a real definition, from a dictionary?

How about we use the definition Darwin used for a definition of Darwinism.

There is none. The scriptures are too complex to apply a simple-minded cookie-cutter test for "miracle" to.

No their not.

Sorry, off topic. If you'd like to discuss the theology of Job, then go ahead and start a thread on it in the appropriate forum.

Whatever...

Hmm. sounds like passive -aggressive trash talk. I've explained the human status of Adam and Eve to you many times, including the question of what Adam married. Remember - I pointed out that both of us have married,and are ourselves, apes?

Adam had to be the first human male, that means Eve had to be the first woman. There is nothing that says they were fabricated from existing apes. Eve was created from Adam but you already knew that.

Wow, you attack everyone, including the scholars of the Bibles themselves, from a position of ignorance. So, do you consider yourself a better scholar of the scriptures than NT Wright?

I'll take any questions about NT Wright in the context of what he has said are wrote. Check and see what he has to say about essential doctrine like the incarnation and we can have an actual conversation about it.


OK, so let's get this straight. First, you say that you don't see TE's discussing theology, but then you:

That's not what I said...

  1. Say that you have read Biologos many times
  2. Talk about going to "considerable length" with NT Wright's stuff.
  3. Reference the dozens of threads that you, me, and others have discussed the theology of TE
  4. Include both Protestant (Shernren) and Catholic (me) formal debates involving theology and TE
  5. Mention a thread where we discussed at length the position paper from Pope Benedict on the theology of theistic evolution (anyone can see it herehttp://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/p80.htm), which is 19 pages long.
  6. etc.
So all that is "not discussing the theology of Theistic Evolution"?

I said they don't have a theological premise, with the exception of Pope Benedict. Pope Benedict warned strenuously against the dangers of modernism, something I have never seen a Theistic Evolutionist do.

As far as miracles go, we Catholics are pretty friendly to miracles. We've got hundreds of Saints to pray to, each of which is said to have performed at least one, and often many, miracles. I've never denied the miracle of the resurrection here, or other clear miracles in the new testament, so I wonder where you get the idea that I have a problem with miracles. I wonder, mark, what do you think of all those hundreds of miracles that I just referenced?

A clear hermeneutic for discerning between an actual miracle and a mythic metaphor was what I challenged you to come up with, nothing more. I even gave you an easy one, the Leviathan is actually a mythical sea creature Job mentions. As usual you got it twisted.

That's what I'm talking about, Theistic Evolution is nothing more then Darwinism for Christians. It hammers away at the doctrine of creation and original sin because those two foundational hermeneutic principles transcend the entire testimony of Scripture. Darwin defined it best:

All change in the organic, as well as in the inorganic world, being the result of law, and not of miraculous interposition. (Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species)​

It's a categorical rejection of God causing any change, organic or inorganic, by performing a miracle. That's all Darwinism was ever predicated on and all I see from the Darwinian zealots who hammer away at the doctrine of Creation whether they call themselves Christian or not.

The problem isn't evolution or science, it's Darwinism.
 
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Achilles6129

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Through death there was life, though. The difference between Satan as the god of death and God using evolution which necessitates survival and so death is this: Satan is the god of death as he first sinned and introduced death into the world as matter of pride, whereas God does not sin and does not crate a world in which death occurs for life as a matter of pride but rather love. Even then, nature knows no morality, so it's not like it's immoral that a lion kill a zebra to live.

I see. So creating a realm of death is all about love, eh?

Theology doesn't mention the world was created perfect. In fact, nor does the Bible as it claims, "very good" which differs from perfection. Only when one claims the world was created perfect does theology get erroneous.

You see, here's your error:

" The earth brought forth vegetation: plants yielding seed of every kind, and trees of every kind bearing fruit with the seed in it. And God saw that it was good. " Gen. 1:12 (NRSV)

"18 to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good." Gen. 1:18 (NRSV)

There are several statements like this in Genesis 1. And now here's your problem:

"17 As he was setting out on a journey, a man ran up and knelt before him, and asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 18 Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone. " Mk. 10:17-18 (NRSV)

Therefore:

1) Only God is good

2) Everything in the beginning of God's creation is good

3) Everything God created is a reflection of the nature and character of God (from 1,2)

Now when you introduce evolution into the equation, you have to admit that death is a part of the nature and character of God which is completely, utterly, and totally abhorrent to even the most lackadaisical theology:

"25 For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet. 26 The last enemy to be destroyed is death. " 1 Cor. 15:25-26 (NRSV)

"14 Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire." Rev. 20:14 (NRSV)

And so on and so on. So what you have to do if you want to try to reconcile evolution with Scripture is make death a part of the nature and character of God. In other words, it is a theological smear.

The six day creation account is contradictory taken in a literal manner. The sun is created on the 4th day, rendering the argument "day" means "yom" pointless as "yom" is defined in relation to the sunrise and sunset, not to mention it's impossible to have a day without the sun.

The day is relative to the light created earlier.

Either Adam, being the first man with a soul, was special and granted some extended life as to be immortal with God and not sin, or the years mean something else entirely.

The text uses the years in the same way it uses the years with Abram, Moses, Aaron, etc. That indicates that they are literal.

No human death occurred before the Fall. Animal and plant and other biological life died pre Fall. The Bible never says there was no such animal or plant death. Human death was made existent through Adam just as the Bible claims.

So evolution claims the human race has been around for 200,000 - 600,000 years, or somewhere in that ballpark. Was the Garden of Eden at 200,000 BC?

There actually is scriptural evidence for carnivorous animals. The original Hebrew for the animals Adam named are described as violent animals just like when we see them today. Thus leading us to believe Adam witnessed animals behaving violently in a carnivorous way.

The animals are not named in Gen. 1-3!

I see no verse that evolution could be read into. That doesn't mean it's any less valid through.

Thank-you for your admission :)

It's idiomatic, meteorologists don't actually think it is the sun moving. Joshua obviously did because it was the sun he commanded to stop, not the earth, whose rotation is responsible for the length of our days. Nor are the descriptions in Joshua, Ecclesiastes or Psalm 19 idiomatic phrases the writer were simply using. They were giving their own description of what the sun was doing, and these descriptions show they though the sun actually travelled across the heavens during the day and at night travelled to the place it rose again.

The sun appears to travel across the heavens relative to earth, which is why meteorologists use the terms "sunrise" and "sunset." To claim that the Bible is saying the sun rotates around the earth because it uses similar terminology to describe a human point of view is incorrect.
 
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Lopez 15721

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I see. So creating a realm of death is all about love, eh?

You see, here's your error:

" The earth brought forth vegetation: plants yielding seed of every kind, and trees of every kind bearing fruit with the seed in it. And God saw that it was good. " Gen. 1:12 (NRSV)

"18 to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good." Gen. 1:18 (NRSV)

There are several statements like this in Genesis 1. And now here's your problem:

"17 As he was setting out on a journey, a man ran up and knelt before him, and asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 18 Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone. " Mk. 10:17-18 (NRSV)

Therefore:

1) Only God is good

2) Everything in the beginning of God's creation is good

3) Everything God created is a reflection of the nature and character of God (from 1,2)

Now when you introduce evolution into the equation, you have to admit that death is a part of the nature and character of God which is completely, utterly, and totally abhorrent to even the most lackadaisical theology:

"25 For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet. 26 The last enemy to be destroyed is death. " 1 Cor. 15:25-26 (NRSV)

"14 Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire." Rev. 20:14 (NRSV)

And so on and so on. So what you have to do if you want to try to reconcile evolution with Scripture is make death a part of the nature and character of God. In other words, it is a theological smear.



The day is relative to the light created earlier.



The text uses the years in the same way it uses the years with Abram, Moses, Aaron, etc. That indicates that they are literal.



So evolution claims the human race has been around for 200,000 - 600,000 years, or somewhere in that ballpark. Was the Garden of Eden at 200,000 BC?



The animals are not named in Gen. 1-3!.
Death is a troubled matter to explain as it is the same for a YEC. Death is something still relevant to your position and yet you act is if it's not by using it as an example to show TE wrong. It's not like if a lion killed it's prey it was immoral like it would be for a human to murder another, so to assume "death" is somehow moral in nature or pre humans according to TE is false and inaccurate, which means there is nothing to point out that is meant to be contrary to God.

It is you that us having the issue here. You mentioned the world being created perfectly, when I said that is false and instead claimed the Bible says "very good." You quoting those verses only back that point. So yes God is good and everything in in the beginning was good, but God is also perfect and did not create us perfectly or the world but again good. Death is not part of the nature of God, as I can make the same argument against YEC in regards to all the deaths God orchestrated in the OT, yet I highly doubt you see death as part of the nature of God in those instances, don't you? If you don't, you should have an extremely well thought out answer that differentiates them and if you do, your argument becomes completely invalid (though it already is regardless of you being aware or not).

That doesn't account for why yom is defined in relation to the sun yet you disregard the context of said definition and instead say there was no sun.

Then there you have it. Although I can't find where I read this, I did read an article about the years of Adam and how the highest number of years goes to the 'head of the household' like a leader. The article explained how the number is metaphorical, and although I'm not saying that it is and the article is correct rather it's an interesting alternative.

"...Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field..."
- Genesis 2:20

I didn't say anything about the animals being named in 1:13. I said Adam named the animals pre Fall and and did so based on what he observed them do, which was eat each other and kill.
 
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Achilles6129

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Death is a troubled matter to explain as it is the same for a YEC. Death is something still relevant to your position and yet you act is if it's not by using it as an example to show TE wrong. It's not like if a lion killed it's prey it was immoral like it would be for a human to murder another, so to assume "death" is somehow moral in nature or pre humans according to TE is false and inaccurate, which means there is nothing to point out that is meant to be contrary to God.

Actually you are incorrect:

" The Lord spoke to Moses:
2 Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the people of Israel and say to them: This is what the Lord has commanded. 3 If anyone of the house of Israel slaughters an ox or a lamb or a goat in the camp, or slaughters it outside the camp, 4 and does not bring it to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to present it as an offering to the Lord before the tabernacle of the Lord, he shall be held guilty of bloodshed; he has shed blood, and he shall be cut off from the people. 5 This is in order that the people of Israel may bring their sacrifices that they offer in the open field, that they may bring them to the Lord, to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and offer them as sacrifices of well-being to the Lord. 6 The priest shall dash the blood against the altar of the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and turn the fat into smoke as a pleasing odor to the Lord, 7 so that they may no longer offer their sacrifices for goat-demons, to whom they prostitute themselves. This shall be a statute forever to them throughout their generations." Lev. 17:1-7 (NRSV)

Elsewhere in Leviticus we are told that animal carcasses do render one unclean. So all death is unclean to God - not just human.

It is you that us having the issue here. You mentioned the world being created perfectly, when I said that is false and instead claimed the Bible says "very good." You quoting those verses only back that point. So yes God is good and everything in in the beginning was good, but God is also perfect and did not create us perfectly or the world but again good.

Read the line of reasoning again. Death is a part of the nature of God if he created through evolution. The original creation is a reflection of God's character and nature.

Death is not part of the nature of God, as I can make the same argument against YEC in regards to all the deaths God orchestrated in the OT, yet I highly doubt you see death as part of the nature of God in those instances, don't you? If you don't, you should have an extremely well thought out answer that differentiates them and if you do, your argument becomes completely invalid (though it already is regardless of you being aware or not).

They were killed by God because they were evil. God dwells in the realm of life. All those who disobey his commands dwell in the realm of death.

That doesn't account for why yom is defined in relation to the sun yet you disregard the context of said definition and instead say there was no sun.

A day is really one rotation of the earth. I'm saying the earth rotated relative to the light that was created at the beginning of creation.

Then there you have it. Although I can't find where I read this, I did read an article about the years of Adam and how the highest number of years goes to the 'head of the household' like a leader. The article explained how the number is metaphorical, and although I'm not saying that it is and the article is correct rather it's an interesting alternative.

It's certainly not in the Old Testament. The numbers are used in the exact same sense for everyone.

I didn't say anything about the animals being named in 1:13. I said Adam named the animals pre Fall and and did so based on what he observed them do, which was eat each other and kill.

No...he didn't. Scripture never says that. You can't take the names of animals from later on in the Torah and apply them to Adam. The Bible never says specifically what he named them.
 
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Actually you are incorrect:

" The Lord spoke to Moses:
2 Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the people of Israel and say to them: This is what the Lord has commanded. 3 If anyone of the house of Israel slaughters an ox or a lamb or a goat in the camp, or slaughters it outside the camp, 4 and does not bring it to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to present it as an offering to the Lord before the tabernacle of the Lord, he shall be held guilty of bloodshed; he has shed blood, and he shall be cut off from the people. 5 This is in order that the people of Israel may bring their sacrifices that they offer in the open field, that they may bring them to the Lord, to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and offer them as sacrifices of well-being to the Lord. 6 The priest shall dash the blood against the altar of the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and turn the fat into smoke as a pleasing odor to the Lord, 7 so that they may no longer offer their sacrifices for goat-demons, to whom they prostitute themselves. This shall be a statute forever to them throughout their generations." Lev. 17:1-7 (NRSV)

Elsewhere in Leviticus we are told that animal carcasses do render one unclean. So all death is unclean to God - not just human.



Read the line of reasoning again. Death is a part of the nature of God if he created through evolution. The original creation is a reflection of God's character and nature.



They were killed by God because they were evil. God dwells in the realm of life. All those who disobey his commands dwell in the realm of death.



A day is really one rotation of the earth. I'm saying the earth rotated relative to the light that was created at the beginning of creation.



It's certainly not in the Old Testament. The numbers are used in the exact same sense for everyone.



No...he didn't. Scripture never says that. You can't take the names of animals from later on in the Torah and apply them to Adam. The Bible never says specifically what he named them.
Im not sure what you're talking about. This verse if anything shows that animals were killed as an offering to God. God told them to sacrifice animals did He not? Was that immoral of them to do, even being, at least as you say, "all death is unclean to God.."?

The line of reasoning is dismantled as a) "death" is not a character of God as there is no morality in relation to nature and the killing that happened with animals and other animals, b) as "death" has no moral bearing on nature, and as you claim death is an aspect of evolution and so of God via creating that method, it's no more than really saying "purple" is a character of God; it's meaningless, and c) death is part of creation now and God has commanded death, so YEC does not escape the problem of death either.

Wouldn't you agree that God killed to bring about His will? Wouldn't you agree that God indeed has killed, for His reasons? God is not somehow contradictory of His character because He has killed or used death caused by another means.

Actually "day" is defined as:

"The period of light between dawn and nightfall; the interval from sunrise to sunset"

And guess what, yom is also defined in relation to the sunrise and sunset. Also, this "light" would have had to been as close an object as the sun as possible. The "light" would have had to be big enough to have enough gravity to make the earth rotate. It would have had enough energy to give just enough life, light, etc. Each attribute the sun has the "light" would also have to have, rendering the "light" too similar to the sun to call it anything else. Even down to the shape. A spade is a spade is a spade.

Clearly he does, and the Bible does say that in the exact verse I quoted in my last post. Yes it doesn't say what the names of the animals were, but it does say Adam named them, and in verse 19 - 20 it clearly states Adam named each animal. You can sit there and deny that till you're blue in the face but the Scripture speaks for itself....

Again, Adam named them after the behavior he witnessed the animals displaying. So if the meaning of "lion" is to act violently it's because that's how he saw them. The animals later in the OT are the same species of animals from the Garden, so yes, I believe referring to them is completely logical.
 
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I said they don't have a theological premise, with the exception of Pope Benedict. Pope Benedict warned strenuously against the dangers of modernism, something I have never seen a Theistic Evolutionist do.

NT Wright warns against the dangers of both modernism and postmodernism in the prolegomena of his Christian Origins and the Question of God series, of course he does this by going beyond both worldviews to what has come to be known as critical realism. (New Testament and the People of God c1)

John Walton also warns of enlightenment and post-enlightenment thinking and the adverse effect that it has on Theology especially to do with the Genesis narrative in The Lost World of Genesis One (chap 13) I find enough evidence of these ideas in current theological thinking esp. that of conservative Protestantism. I think the phraseology of functional providential deism is the most accurate description of what I see as wrong with the approach of both the hardline YEC and the Atheist in coming to the question of whether the miraculous was involved or continues to be involved in creation.
 
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Actually you are incorrect:

" The Lord spoke to Moses:
2 Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the people of Israel and say to them: This is what the Lord has commanded. 3 If anyone of the house of Israel slaughters an ox or a lamb or a goat in the camp, or slaughters it outside the camp, 4 and does not bring it to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to present it as an offering to the Lord before the tabernacle of the Lord, he shall be held guilty of bloodshed; he has shed blood, and he shall be cut off from the people. 5 This is in order that the people of Israel may bring their sacrifices that they offer in the open field, that they may bring them to the Lord, to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and offer them as sacrifices of well-being to the Lord. 6 The priest shall dash the blood against the altar of the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and turn the fat into smoke as a pleasing odor to the Lord, 7 so that they may no longer offer their sacrifices for goat-demons, to whom they prostitute themselves. This shall be a statute forever to them throughout their generations." Lev. 17:1-7 (NRSV)

Elsewhere in Leviticus we are told that animal carcasses do render one unclean. So all death is unclean to God - not just human.

Personally I see the focus of this passage to be more on purpose, if we just make it one on death then that really flattens out what is going on here, the whole reason that death is unclean is because if it is not serving a purpose in glorifying God (ie. Worship) then it is ultimately meaningless. So the question of prefall theodicy ultimately comes down to whether it glorifies God, I believe a case can be made that it does.

Read the line of reasoning again. Death is a part of the nature of God if he created through evolution. The original creation is a reflection of God's character and nature.
I think you have fallen into the trap of focusing on one area of theology a bit too much. I think by making creation the main way that God reveals himself to us you have effectively replaced Christ with God's act of Creation. Christ is the ultimate condescension of God to us, so much that it dwarfs creation. I think following on from my discussion of prefall theodicy the question then comes to can we possibly see Christ in evolution? Because if anything Christ is the answer to postfall theodicy, and if we want to be consistent in seeing Christ as the answer to theodicy in general then we should be able to see him as the answer to perfall theodicy as well. I believe we can see Christ as the answer to prefall theodicy as well. Here is how; Christ is the focus of creation, his death and resurrection the fulcrum of history, God chose to enter into history to reconcile creation to himself, or to put it another way to point it to himself. We also see this motive in the Genesis 1 creation account where humanity as the image of God is to point all creation to God in worship. So we could essentially have two events in history where creation is "completed" with the creation of a federal head of humanity to point creation to worship God, the first federal head Adam failed this objective, the second; Christ succeeded.

They were killed by God because they were evil. God dwells in the realm of life. All those who disobey his commands dwell in the realm of death.
I think this is far too simplistic a view of God's interaction with the wicked and doesn't really take into account God's sovereignty esp. as described in Isaiah 45 (esp. v7), or man's evil in relation to God's Sovereignty as described in Romans 1 (esp. v24 and 26)

No...he didn't. Scripture never says that. You can't take the names of animals from later on in the Torah and apply them to Adam. The Bible never says specifically what he named them.
I would say that Paul's encounter with the Risen Christ and the emphasis he places on the use of the Hebrew tongue in relation to that encounter would at least leave open the strong possibility that the common belief of at least Second Temple Judaism was that Adam conversed with God in the Hebrew tongue and that it is the Holy and Original language.
 
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The sun appears to travel across the heavens relative to earth, which is why meteorologists use the terms "sunrise" and "sunset." To claim that the Bible is saying the sun rotates around the earth because it uses similar terminology to describe a human point of view is incorrect.
The bible doesn't say anything about describing things from a human point of view. What it does is describe the sun moving, both when people could see it during the day, and how it moved at night when it was out of sight, as we have seen with Ecclesiasted. Joshua wasn't simply describing things from a human point of view, he commanded the sun to stop because he thought the sun was actually moving and that stopping the sun's progress across the sky would make the day longer. Joshua thought the sun moved that way and the writer of Joshua described it that way. There is no point in wanting to interpret the bible literally if you aren't willing to accept to what the writers are saying.
 
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Papias

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Originally Posted by Papias
1. The full body of someone's writings are not automatically part of the definition of an "-ism". Darwin himself believed various things that are not part of "Darwinism". That's why we have dictionaries for definitions.
If you remember right we have talked about the Modern Synthesis, aka neodarwinism, before. I know what Darwinism is and so do you.

Sure we have, and that's irrelevant. Darwinism is defined, like most words, by the dictionary, not by mark:


Dar·win·ism

/ˈdɑr
thinsp.png
wəˌnɪz
thinsp.png
əm/
http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/IPA_pron_key.htmlShow Spelled [dahr-wuh-niz-uh
thinsp.png
thinsp.png
m]
http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/Spell_pron_key.htmlShow IPA
noun the Darwinian theory that species originate by descent, with variation, from parent forms, through the natural selection of those individuals best adapted for the reproductive success of their kind.





If God creates life, it's a miracle, don't be absurd.

Whether abiogenesis required a supernatural miracle is unknown, and irrelevant anyway.


OK, how about trying a real definition, from a dictionary?

How about we use the definition Darwin used for a definition of Darwinism.

As I asked on the other thread, do you have a quote where Darwin says "Darwinism is defined as...."? Not that it would matter anyway, since as explained before, we get definitions from dictionaries.

There is none. The scriptures are too complex to apply a simple-minded cookie-cutter test for "miracle" to.

No their not.

OK, sounds like we have a different view of scripture. So be it.


Adam had to be the first human male, that means Eve had to be the first woman. There is nothing that says they were fabricated from existing apes.

The text is clear that we were made from pre-existing material, and the dust of the ground existed before apes.
If you'd like to review the last time we talked about the possible details of Adam and Eve, I can do so. Remember? I laid out several possibilities.


OK, so let's get this straight. First, you say that you don't see TE's discussing theology, but then you:
That's not what I said...


    1. Say that you have read Biologos many times
    2. Talk about going to "considerable length" with NT Wright's stuff.
    3. Reference the dozens of threads that you, me, and others have discussed the theology of TE
    4. Include both Protestant (Shernren) and Catholic (me) formal debates involving theology and TE
    5. Mention a thread where we discussed at length the position paper from Pope Benedict on the theology of theistic evolution (anyone can see it herehttp://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/p80.htm), which is 19 pages long.
    6. etc.
    So all that is "not discussing the theology of Theistic Evolution"?
  1. I said they don't have a theological premise, with the exception of Pope Benedict.

I quoted your post #3, in which you said:

As far as I can tell Theistic Evolutionists ignore theology and their sole interest in the Scriptures is that Genesis not be read literally.

and, btw, you never mentioned Pope Benedict then.

Pope Benedict warned strenuously against the dangers of modernism, something I have never seen a Theistic Evolutionist do.

If you've heard Pope Benedict do so, then you've obviously heard a Theistic Evolutionist do so, since Benedict clearly supports Theistic Evolution.

And just for good measure, I'll do so too:

I warn against the dangers of modernism.

I'm a Theistic Evolution supporter, right?


As far as miracles go, we Catholics are pretty friendly to miracles. We've got hundreds of Saints to pray to, each of which is said to have performed at least one, and often many, miracles. I've never denied the miracle of the resurrection here, or other clear miracles in the new testament, so I wonder where you get the idea that I have a problem with miracles. I wonder, mark, what do you think of all those hundreds of miracles that I just referenced?
A clear hermeneutic for discerning between an actual miracle and a mythic metaphor was what I challenged you to come up with, nothing more. I even gave you an easy one, the Leviathan is actually a mythical sea creature Job mentions. As usual you got it twisted.
As usual, you didn't answer the question. I asked what you thought of all those hundreds of saintly miracles. So, what do you think of them?


Blessings-

Papias
 
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mark kennedy

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Originally Posted by Papias

If you remember right we have talked about the Modern Synthesis, aka neodarwinism, before. I know what Darwinism is and so do you.

Sure we have, and that's irrelevant. Darwinism is defined, like most words, by the dictionary, not by mark:

Dar·win·ism

/ˈdɑr
thinsp.png
wəˌnɪz
thinsp.png
əm/
http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/IPA_pron_key.htmlShow Spelled [dahr-wuh-niz-uh
thinsp.png
thinsp.png
m]
http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/Spell_pron_key.htmlShow IPA
noun the Darwinian theory that species originate by descent, with variation, from parent forms, through the natural selection of those individuals best adapted for the reproductive success of their kind.


I never said it was defined by me, I said it was by defined by Darwin. Your purple definition doesn't tell you what Darwin's theory is nor does it explain his grand fathers fascination with mythic naturalistic gradualism. Darwin's theory is natural selection and it's a categorical rejection of special creation and an a priori assumption that all cause is naturalistic, aka natural law.

You are not redefining Darwinism here, your rationalizing the term down. Having gutted it of it's essential meaning you pretend it's a correction but it's little more then a diversion.

While the term Darwinism had been used previously to refer to the work of Erasmus Darwin in the late 18th century, the term as understood today was introduced when Charles Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species was reviewed by Thomas Henry Huxley in the April 1860 issue of the Westminster Review (§ 4. Darwin's Bulldog)​

(Darwinism, Wikipedia)

This is Darwinism from the Darwins themselves:

"ORGANIC LIFE beneath the shoreless waves
Was born and nurs'd in Ocean's pearly caves;
First forms minute, unseen by spheric glass,
Move on the mud, or pierce the watery mass;
These, as successive generations bloom
New powers acquire, and larger limbs assume;
Whence countless groups of vegetation spring,
And breathing realms of fin, and feet, and wing.​

(The Temple of Nature, By Erasmus Darwin)

All change in the organic, as well as in the inorganic world, being the result of law, and not of miraculous interposition​

(On the Origin of Species, By Charles Darwin)

The naturalistic assumptions of the Darwins and Darwinism is the essence of this worldview, they categorically rejected miracles which is something all modernists do.

Whether abiogenesis required a supernatural miracle is unknown, and irrelevant anyway.

Abiogenesis is impossible so how life came to be apart from God's work in creation is moot. You right that it's irrelevant but the clear testimony of Scripture and faith is that God is the Creator of life not the Guider of change.


As I asked on the other thread, do you have a quote where Darwin says "Darwinism is defined as...."? Not that it would matter anyway, since as explained before, we get definitions from dictionaries.

Darwin is not required to define his theory in your words, it's not a magical incantation that must include the words 'defined as'. Just as with miracles you don't want definitions, you want rationalizations that divert from the fact that theistic evolution is an antithetical view known only for it's criticism of Creationists. No matter where the conversation starts it always goes back to the same fallacious ad hominem attacks. No matter who participates in the discussion there will always be someone like you who makes it personal. I have found no exceptions.


OK, sounds like we have a different view of scripture. So be it.

That's putting it mildly.


The text is clear that we were made from pre-existing material, and the dust of the ground existed before apes.

It's also clear that Adam was not alive until God breathed life into him, making him a living soul. The Hebrew term for it is 'bara' and it excludes any inference of a living ape becoming a human being.

If you'd like to review the last time we talked about the possible details of Adam and Eve, I can do so. Remember? I laid out several possibilities.

You laid out none, you simply argue that they evolved from apes. It was unavoidable that they were two people and the parents of humanity because of the dogma of the Catholic Church who has never denied it nor made it permissible to believe anything else.

If you've heard Pope Benedict do so, then you've obviously heard a Theistic Evolutionist do so, since Benedict clearly supports Theistic Evolution.

Pope Benedict, like the RCC, reminds Catholics during every baptism and every Easter that Creation, the Incarnation and the Resurrection are inextricably linked and essential doctrine. No where does Pope Benedict use the term 'theistic evolution' but why would he, he supports an intelligent design worldview. What you are calling theistic evolution is really a part of a much bigger worldview. AKA Modernism, something he warns against in the strongest possible terms:

HUMANI GENERIS has never been an endorsement of theistic evolution but a warning of these dangers:

1. Christian culture being attacked on all sides
2. Men easily persuade themselves in such matters that what they do not wish to believe is false or at least doubtful
5. Some imprudently and indiscreetly hold that evolution, which has not been fully proved even in the domain of natural sciences, explains the origin of all things,
6. Such fictitious tenets of evolution which repudiate all that is absolute, firm and immutable, have paved the way for the new erroneous philosophy
7. There is also a certain historicism, which attributing value only to the events of man's life, overthrows the foundation of all truth and absolute law, both on the level of philosophical speculations and especially to Christian dogmas.
10. Desirous of novelty, and fearing to be considered ignorant of recent scientific findings, try to withdraw themselves from the sacred Teaching Authority and are accordingly in danger of gradually departing from revealed truth and of drawing others along with them into error.
11. Some questioned whether the traditional apologetics of the Church did not constitute an obstacle rather than a help to the winning of souls for Christ
12 The removal of which would bring about the union of all, but only to their destruction.
17. Things (truths of the faith) may be replaced by conjectural notions and by some formless and unstable tenets of a new philosophy, tenets which, like the flowers of the field, are in existence today and die tomorrow;
22. For some go so far as to pervert the sense of the Vatican Council's definition that God is the author of Holy Scripture, and they put forward again the opinion, already often condemned, which asserts that immunity from error extends only to those parts of the Bible that treat of God or of moral and religious matters.
28. These and like errors, it is clear, have crept in among certain of Our sons who are deceived by imprudent zeal for souls or by false science. To them We are compelled with grief to repeat once again truths already well known, and to point out with solicitude clear errors and dangers of error.

In other words, Humani Generis is warning against the dangers of theistic evolution.

And just for good measure, I'll do so too:

I warn against the dangers of modernism.

I'm a Theistic Evolution supporter, right?

Pointless...

As usual, you didn't answer the question. I asked what you thought of all those hundreds of saintly miracles. So, what do you think of them?

I think the RCC will exhaust naturalistic explanations before accepting them as miracles. Like all reasonable people they do not equivocate natural phenomenon with a miracle.

Have a nice day :wave:
Mark
 
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mark kennedy

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NT Wright warns against the dangers of both modernism and postmodernism in the prolegomena of his Christian Origins and the Question of God series, of course he does this by going beyond both worldviews to what has come to be known as critical realism. (New Testament and the People of God c1)

Which is logical positivism, an epistemology poplar among Modernists.

John Walton also warns of enlightenment and post-enlightenment thinking and the adverse effect that it has on Theology especially to do with the Genesis narrative in The Lost World of Genesis One (chap 13) I find enough evidence of these ideas in current theological thinking esp. that of conservative Protestantism. I think the phraseology of functional providential deism is the most accurate description of what I see as wrong with the approach of both the hardline YEC and the Atheist in coming to the question of whether the miraculous was involved or continues to be involved in creation.

YEC has never been deistic, the proposition is absurd. Creation is first and foremost a transcendent doctrinal truth, God has been involved in human affairs since the beginning, to this day, unto the end of the age. The Modernist deprecates miracles something no self respecting YEC would ever do. N.T. Wright, an historian at heart, believes that all history is interpreted leaving the obvious question of what standard we interpret history. In his epistemology, history becomes hopelessly ambiguous and the historical narratives are reduced to stories, rather then the historical narrative they were intended as.

That's my whole problem with Modernism, with all the talk about Positivism, Realism and critical realism is that they reinterpret everything, redefine everything and is never clear on core definitions or standards for proof. Finding truth in this kind of an epistemology is like chasing ghosts in the fog. When it comes to the Incarnation NT Wright like all modernists is hopelessly ambiguous.
 
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Im not sure what you're talking about.

I'm talking about the fact that animal/human death is in fact unclean to God in the book of Leviticus. Indeed, death itself is unclean to God. It is inconceivable how God would create through death and then proclaim it to be unclean and abhorrent to his nature later.

This verse if anything shows that animals were killed as an offering to God. God told them to sacrifice animals did He not? Was that immoral of them to do, even being, at least as you say, "all death is unclean to God.."?

The sacrifice is for purposes of cleansing and returned to God by means of the animal's blood. The blood represents life and is used to purge the sanctuary from the sins of man. You will note that sacrifice is not around anymore - it was instituted until Christ came. In essence, all death is unclean unless the blood is returned to God. Sacrifice to God returns the blood to God. But all natural death is in fact unclean.

The line of reasoning is dismantled as a) "death" is not a character of God as there is no morality in relation to nature and the killing that happened with animals and other animals,

There is morality in relation to nature. Animal death/suffering is evil just and human death/suffering is evil.

b) as "death" has no moral bearing on nature, and as you claim death is an aspect of evolution and so of God via creating that method, it's no more than really saying "purple" is a character of God; it's meaningless,

"Purple" and "death" are two entirely different things! There's no good/evil to purple.

and c) death is part of creation now

Right but it wasn't at the beginning. So you can't get around the fact that

1) God proclaimed everything "good" multiple times in Gen. 1

2) God is the only definition of good

3) Everything at the beginning was a part of the character/nature of God (from 1,2)

4) Evolution involves creation through death, etc.

5) Death is a part of God's nature (from 1,2,3,4)

However, in Scripture death is abhorrent to God and not a part of his nature at all. Animal sacrifice is instituted on a necessary basis only because it involves blood and blood is the life force of the animal. So really, animal sacrifice represents the triumph of life over death, not the other way around. In the NT we find that death is the enemy of God and that Satan is the god of death:

"14 Therefore, since the children share in [m]flesh and blood, He Himself likewise also partook of the same, that through death He might render powerless him who had the power of death, that is, the devil," Heb. 2:14 (NASB)

Wouldn't you agree that God killed to bring about His will? Wouldn't you agree that God indeed has killed, for His reasons? God is not somehow contradictory of His character because He has killed or used death caused by another means.

Sure, God has killed. But only for specific reasons. Death is not a part of the nature or character of God.

The "light" would have had to be big enough to have enough gravity to make the earth rotate. It would have had enough energy to give just enough life, light, etc. Each attribute the sun has the "light" would also have to have, rendering the "light" too similar to the sun to call it anything else. Even down to the shape. A spade is a spade is a spade.

The creation is supernatural and miraculous.

Clearly he does, and the Bible does say that in the exact verse I quoted in my last post. Yes it doesn't say what the names of the animals were, but it does say Adam named them, and in verse 19 - 20 it clearly states Adam named each animal. You can sit there and deny that till you're blue in the face but the Scripture speaks for itself....

Again, Adam named them after the behavior he witnessed the animals displaying. So if the meaning of "lion" is to act violently it's because that's how he saw them. The animals later in the OT are the same species of animals from the Garden, so yes, I believe referring to them is completely logical.

Again, you're missing the point. The Bible doesn't give the names Adam gave to the animals. To say that they are the same names as given later in the book of Leviticus is to take interpretation waayyyyy too far.
 
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Achilles6129

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The bible doesn't say anything about describing things from a human point of view.

Sure it does. It describes things from a human point of view and occasionally from a divine point of view. On earth it appears as though the sun is moving; this is acknowledged by everyone and used in modern terminology today. To say that Joshua commanding the sun to stand still in the sky means that the sun revolves around the earth is to stretch exegesis to the breaking point.
 
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