Here'e the summation paragraph from the introduction.
In this study, we present experiments in which we used the ciliate predator
Paramecium tetraurelia to select for the
de novo evolution of multicellularity in outcrossed populations of
C.
reinhardtii.* We describe the heritable multicellular life cycles that evolved and compare them to the ancestral, unicellular life cycle. In addition, we show that the evolved multicellular life cycles are stable over thousands of asexual generations in the absence of predators. Comparative assays show that the evolved multicellular phenotypes provide a fitness advantage over unicellular algae in the presence of predators. Because
C.
reinhardtiihas no multicellular ancestors, these experiments represent a completely novel origin of obligate multicellularity
14,
15.
* a species of green algae.