To answer the question:
Does a church's doctrine influence one's understanding of scripture?
It can. Should it?
No.
The scripture should influence the doctrine of the Church.
Can we study the Word of God and get understanding from it? Of course.
The Bereans did. They came to the conclusion of Christ being the Messiah, by studying the scripture. They didn't just take Paul and Silas' word even though they spoke from the scriptures. The Bereans dug into God's Word and found the answers themselves. They were considered noble for doing so. They received the word with all readiness of mind...other words they didn't come into the Word with presuppositions.
They wanted to know the truth, they were hungry for it and the Holy Spirit opened it all up for them. He guided them through scriptures and they found it. Not by the doctrine of the church, not by the word of man...but by the Word of the Lord.
These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so. (Act 17:11 KJV)
We must come to God's Word, with a readiness in mind, putting away our presuppositions, for the renewing of our mind and Spirit. We must do this daily, if you eat, you should read. Once we have done this and come to God's Word and realized it's about Him..our Savior..our Redeemer.
About the sins of mankind and How God placed himself down here in the form of a Man, taking on the sins of the world, without ever sinning, taking that ultimate punishment that we deserve, not Him, so that we may be saved.
There are many doctrines out there that aren't biblical in any sense of the word. They try to take away the divinity of Christ, they crucify him daily, they teach that to be saved one must do something or to do works to be saved...these are just a few of the many that are false doctrine.
The doctrine of the church is set up to help teach those who don't know and to remind those who are suppose to know better.
But they must be biblically correct and backed up by God's Word. They are also there to protect the church, so that those that do come in preaching false teachings can be recognized and stopped, even put out of the church.
But studying the Bible is one of the most awesome things we have been given from our Lord. It allows us to know who God is, It's his letters to us to get to know Him better, so that we can have that close relationship that we all need from Him.
Instead of trying to figure out who's doctrine is right, we first must make sure we are right with God, He will guide you, me and whomever to the right church who teaches the Word of God in truth, Spirit and in love with God almighty.
Studying the Bible helps us to stand in those times when we feel as if the end is near. It gives us the Knowledge of God and knowing that He exist and can do all things. That there is no other God like Him, nor ever will be. That Jesus Christ, isn't just my redeemer, He's my friend, My advocate to the Father, My judge, He's my first and my last.
Again, yes there are many false doctrine out there. But there is only one True doctrine...God's Word. It is the Absolute Truth and will last beyond time and space, it's not dependent on us and our puny intelligence, It's universal and outside our universe. Not one jot or tittle of His Word will ever change nor go away.
It stands on it's own, thru its truth and prophecies that are within it. It's Historically accurate and absolutely inerrant.
Man is the problem when it comes to doctrine. Especially more today than it has been in the past. Today, there are too many churches out there pandering to man's whims. Trying to make man feel good, feel comfortable. More churches are bringing the world into the church to try to fill the pew's. At one time the Church is were people came to feel secure in God, now they come to feel secure in their own selfish desires. At one time the Church was the center of the towns attention, now it's become the center of the latest rock group and fair to get the youth to show up. And the whole time this is happening, Man, changes his thinking, thinking he knows better than God and His Word for what the people need. According to these hypocrites, they are worse than the High council of the Jews who had Christ crucified. Who were, hypocrites, snakes and vipers according to Christ, going about to make names for themselves and working the law to their advantage. Instead of studying His Word, getting God's principles and precepts through His Word and then turning their lives' toward the Word instead they try to change the Word to fit them. That doesn't work, and those today who do so, Will face a very Angry God for they have stacked up His wrath against them and God will crush them as if by large milling stones.
The time is at hand people. Christ is about to return. Just look at the world, read the Word and compare what it says to how the times will be at His return. One Hint...like the days of Noe....and right now, it's worse now, then it was then.
But as the days of Noe [were], so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. (Mat 24:37 KJV)
So, does doctrine dictate what people think? Yes it can. But it's up to the person, to put aside His or Her presuppositions, ask God to open up their eyes, heart, mind and spirit when they go before the Lord and His Word. To study His Word with a readiness in their mind, willing to renew their mind and spirit. So that He can change them to be more like
Christ. Instead of trying nit pick the scripture to fit their needs, We need to tear our lives apart to fit the scripture descriptions of who we are suppose to be....Christ.