The list for saint peter's see is long but you did ask.
The Lord Jesus Christ chose saint Peter the apostle to be the rock on which the church was to be built so the first 'pope' was
I want to look at this scripture that keeps coming up:
Mat 16:15 He saith unto them,
But whom say ye that I am?
Mat 16:16 And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.
Mat 16:17 And Jesus answered and said unto him,
Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven.
Mat 16:18
And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
First of all what we see is that we cannot start with verse 17 by it's self because it starts with a conjuction. Which means it is part of a statement, and is out of context alone.
For example: "And is out of context alone." By it's self this sentence does not make sense.
So we have to go back to Verse 15 and we find a question was asked: But whom say ye that I am? To this Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.
So what we have to understand is that by going back to verse 13, to 15, the common conversational topic of this paragraph is what others say Jesus's identity is, and what Peter say's Jesus's identity is. Which leads us to the answer of Peter confessing Jesus as Christ, and the Son of God. Which Jesus confirms by stating that only God could reveal such knowledge.
Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven. This is where the confusion is:And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
Note, The Christian religion is a revealed religion, it is a religion from above, given by inspiration of God, not the learning of philosophers, nor the politics of religion. Saving faith is the gift of God, and, wherever it is, is wrought by him, as the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, for his sake, and can only be revealed by him. Not man. "for flesh and blood hath not revealed it"
Jesus give simon the new name of Peter, and tell him and upon this rock I will build my church;
The conversation with peter was about the Confession of Jesus as Christ, and the son of God, as revealed by God. THAT is the the rock on which the church is born. So, the revalation and confession of Jesus christ as revealed by God is the foundation, or rock, of Christianity. Peter was name thusly to remind him of his commission as a leader in the faith, to be stead fast, and to keep in remembrance who the rock was. He was made into a pastor. That's it. Now let's go a little deeper.
this
[this] Show IPA pronoun and adjective, plural these [theez] Show IPA , adverb
pronoun 1. (used to indicate a remark just mentioned or pointed out, supposed to be understood, or by way of emphasis.
So your new name is Peter but THIS is the foundation of my church.
Also to just touch up on this subject, the earthly "church" or "Temple" was destroyed the moment Jesus died on the cross, and was resurrected with him as his body.
Joh 2:18 Then answered the Jews and said unto him, What sign shewest thou unto us, seeing that thou doest these things?
Joh 2:19 Jesus answered and said unto them,
Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.
Joh 2:20 Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days?
Joh 2:21
But he spake of the temple of his body.
