rmills said:
Mendels Laws state that genes are not mutated but rather shuffled from one generation of species to the next. We observe this because we see it in simple forms such as dog breeding. BTW, no one has managed to cross breed a dog with a monkey. Variant combinations are formed but different genes. This is also a simple way of showing that microevolution + time does not equal macroevolution. If this is not the case, simply show me the video tape.
Mendel's Laws don't state what you say they do. They state that the phenotype is related to the genotype and that genes come in discreet packets. Mendel also acknowledged that sometimes the genes are altered such that brand new characteristics are introduced. That is, brand new alleles of genes are created. That's the mutation part.
I did show you the "video tape". That's all those papers showing new species.
And of course a dog can't crossbreed with a monkey, they are separate species. But those papers document one population that ended up as two populations that don't crossbreed, either. So, if monkey and dog are macroevolution because they don't crossbreed, then so is that. Sauce for the goose.
Microevoultion does not cause the change or increase the structural or genetic properties of a biologic. Thus, Microevolution is NOT Macroevolution.
Yes, sometimes it does. When genes are duplicated or transposons are inserted, you get additional genetic material.
The Law of Biogenesis never has supported spontaneous generation or the creation of life from non-living matter. Once again, if this is not the case, just show me the video tape.
The Law of Biogenesis states that complex, multicellular organisms don't arise from non-living matter. It
never addressed simple life forms. And a videotape is on the subordinate pages of this web site --
http://www.siu.edu/~protocell/ -- enjoy!
Fruit flies do not represent nor propose any level of change in complexity or viability.
How did you decide that? We have flies that can now live on bread instead of fruit. Flies that can live in colder weather than the original flies. That last certainly represents a change in viabilitiy.
Needless to say, if we wanted to observe faster generations turn over time or simplicity of genetic structure added to faster generation time, we would study common bacteria that produce more of its own than any other species at a faster rate. Thus, according to your THEORY of macroevolution, the common bacteria should have long since been a flying cow.
LOL! Why? Where have we selected for multicellularity and, once you get that, generation time
increases, doesn't it? As it is, we have seen the evolution of complex new biochemical pathways in bacteria. Changes in the genome by microevolution such that the resultant organism has very little in common with the original.
Or at least we should see multi-cellular organisms that bridge the gap between single celled life and more complex multi-cellular life, thousands or even millions of these bridges must exist! Where are they? Why have parasites not developed the ability to exist outside of a host structure?
1. We have seen the bridge. Did you know that nearly all bacteria exist as unicellular
and multicellular organisms? Also, look up volvox on the web.
2. Parasites
started out as independent organisms living
outside the host. They earn a better living being inside the host. What is the selective pressure to go back?
To further the fruit fly debate, it is known and observed fact that the fruit fly that created offspring resistant to pesticides had a resistance to that particular chemical structure prior to being subjected to it.
References? The titles of these papers gleaned from 2 minutes on PubMed say differently. Shall we discuss this in detail? That would be fun.
1: Vais H, Atkinson S, Pluteanu F, Goodson SJ, Devonshire AL, Williamson MS,
Usherwood PN.
Mutations of the para sodium channel of Drosophila melanogaster identify
putative binding sites for pyrethroids.
Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;64(4):914-22.
PMID: 14500748 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2: Diabate A, Baldet T, Chandre F, Guiguemde RT, Brengues C, Guillet P,
Hemingway J, Hougard JM. First report of the
kdr mutation in Anopheles gambiae M form from Burkina Faso,
west Africa.
Parassitologia. 2002 Dec;44(3-4):157-8.
PMID: 12701378 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
3: Hemingway J, Field L, Vontas J. An overview of insecticide resistance.
Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):96-7.
PMID: 12364782 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
4: Vontas JG, Hejazi MJ, Hawkes NJ, Cosmidis N, Loukas M, Janes RW, Hemingway J. Resistance-associated
point mutations of organophosphate insensitive acetylcholinesterase, in the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae.
Insect Mol Biol. 2002 Aug;11(4):329-36.
Please explain for me the theory behind how intelligence that creates communication through speech happened. Why do no other species have Why does a monkey not communicate on the same level we do?
One reason, they don't have the FOXP2 allele that we do. It allows complex speech.
31. Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language. Wolfgang Enard, Molly Przeworski, Simon E. Fisher, Cecilia S. L. Lai, Victor Wiebe, Takashi Kitano, Anthony P. Monaco, Svante Pääbo Nature 418, 869 - 872 (22 Aug 2002)
[quoteIf we as humans evolve, why have the complexities of linguistics not done the same? Why have our linguistics not exceeded the levels of 200 BC Latin, 800 BC Greek, or 1500 BC Vedic Sanskrit?[/quote]
What selection pressure is there to do so? That level has proven sufficient for all concepts that we have tried to impart.
If a child is raised secluded from human interaction, why does it not know how to communicate automatically with other species that it does come into contact with?
Because speech is genetic and under the control of evolution. You provided the answer yourself -- they are different species. The genetic modules in our brains are not the same as the ones in other species.
Why do the over 75 types of protein required to make DNA not create DNA themselves? I will stick them all (proteins) into a million scenarios and subject them to a million scenarios and still not get the proteins to cooperate on the level required to create one DNA strand.
Nonsense. That they could make DNA was demonstrated outside the organism in a test tube. Ever hear of PCR? It stands for polymerase chain reaction. It is quite a common lab tool now that uses only a few of these proteins to make millions of DNA strands.
Lets start with simple math. The odds of aligning by chance the simplest molecular structure (which would require over 650 protein molecules) with the proper amino acids and proper sequence is less than 1 chance in 10 to the 450th power according to the book Mathematical Proofs vs. Evolution
Extract from: The Collapse of Evolution, 2nd Edition by Scott M. Huse
Two fallacies here.
1. It's not chance. It's chemistry, and chemistry isn't chance.
2. Huse assumes that one and only one amino acid sequence will do the job. That's demonstrably false. Look at all the different cytochrome c amino acid sequences in organisms. They
all do the same job. Not only that, but they all do it just as well as the other sequences. So we haven't even looked at all the sequences that can't do the job as well but can still do it.
Huse's argument is very old in the debate. It's GIGO.
Then move on to a complex being. The genetic info there exceeds a library of 4000 books of information, but the chances that it will all fall together is ONLY somewhere in the ball park of 10 to the 40,000th power.
But it didn't fall together by chance. It was designed and put together by natural selection.
Read Genetics, 2nd edition by Monroe W. Strickberger.
I've read other genetic texts. What specifically do you want me to read about?
Quoted from Charles Darwin in the Origin of Species, The distinctions of specific forms and their not being blended together by innumerable transitional links is a very obvious difficulty.
But then go on to the rest of the paragraph. Darwin solves the difficulty, doesn't he? Tsk, tsk. You can't get truth by misquoting people.
A list of readings that would take way to long for me to quote from include,
James Marchant, Letters and Reminiscences regarding Mendels Law vs. Alfred Russel Wallace who eventually admitted to the fact that general characteristics of species remained within distinct boundaries.
Since Mendel's work wasn't rediscovered till after Wallace's death, this didn't happen. R
Raymond G. Bohlin, The Natural Limits to Biological Change
Read it. I couldn't find the limits. Please show us.
Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retired, An Appeal To Reason
Pierre-Paul Grasse, Evolution Of Living Organisms which states that no matter how numerous, mutations do not produce any kind of evolution.
By themselves, no. Natural selection is a
two-step process.
1. Variation, of which mutations are a part.
2. Selection.
Together they produce evolution. But not singly.