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Darwinian evolution - still a theory in crisis.

1Tonne

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I have a question for people who have been talking to me. So, Bradskii, The Barbarian, ECP1928, Hans Blaster, Warden of the Storm and any others I have spoken to.
Question: Do you believe that God is the creator of all?
I am asking this simply because I am interested in knowing how many Christians adamantly defend evolution.
 
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River Jordan

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I have a question for people who have been talking to me. So, Bradskii, The Barbarian, ECP1928, Hans Blaster, Warden of the Storm and any others I have spoken to.
Question: Do you believe that God is the creator of all?
I am asking this simply because I am interested in knowing how many Christians adamantly defend evolution.
Here's my question for you: why are you pitting Christianity against science? If you want to believe science is wrong that's your prerogative, but that doesn't justify forcing others into your either/or dilemma.
 
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Hans Blaster

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I appreciate your point that we confidently infer intelligent causes when it comes to things obviously made by people, even if we don't know the specific person behind them. But I think the principle behind inferring intelligent causation isn’t limited to human-made objects alone.
It's the only place where we can be sure that it works. Inferring unknown "intelligent designers" is not scientific and not backed by evidence.
In everyday reasoning, when we see complex order, purposeful design, or functionality, things that reliably point to intelligence, we naturally infer an intelligent cause because intelligence is the best explanation we have for such features. This applies whether the cause is human or otherwise.
"Everyday reasoning" is a trap. Science is the method for keeping out of the trap.
The fact that some things aren’t “made by people” doesn’t mean we have to abandon inference altogether or claim it’s beyond our ability to know. Rather, it challenges us to consider what kind of cause fits best with the evidence. For example, when we see the intricate complexity and fine-tuning in biological systems, many argue that the most reasonable explanation is an intelligent cause, because chance or purely material processes do not adequately account for that complexity.
Now you are "fine tuning" biological systems? "reasonable explanation" -- sorry, that's not how this works. "chance or purely material processes" are not equivalent and evolution doesn't work on "chance", it works on *selection* which is anything but random.
So, it’s not about assuming the unknown blindly but applying the same logical principle we use in everyday life: when we see evidence of design, we infer design. Whether or not the cause is human, the reasoning remains consistent.
Common sense is a trap. Science is the method for keeping out of the trap.
Consider this example: If you walk into an orchard and see 20 apples scattered randomly under an apple tree, you would naturally conclude they simply fell from the tree. But if you walk into the same orchard and see 20 apples neatly lined up and evenly spaced under the tree, your natural conclusion would be that someone arranged them intentionally.
It really depends on if there is a mechanism for lining up apples under the tree, for example a fallen branch, or a crack in the ground. We are not talking about unnaturally arranged apples, but things with actual explanations for apparent order.
This shows how our eyes and minds detect order and design, distinguishing between random chance and purposeful arrangement.
How we *think* we detect design, but that does not make it so.
Similarly, when we observe the intricate order and complexity in nature, it’s reasonable to infer an intelligent cause behind it.
Or you could actually investigate the system for the actual cause.
This idea aligns well with Romans 1:20, which says that God's invisible qualities, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen and understood from what has been made. The natural world reveals evidence of intentional design, even to those who might not recognise the Designer immediately.
The topic is "Darwin's evolution theory". The theology of Paul of Tarsus is irrelevant.
 
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Hans Blaster

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I have a question for people who have been talking to me. So, Bradskii, The Barbarian, ECP1928, Hans Blaster, Warden of the Storm and any others I have spoken to.
Question: Do you believe that God is the creator of all?
I am asking this simply because I am interested in knowing how many Christians adamantly defend evolution.
If you want to know anyone's "religious position" just look under their avatars. It is available for all to see.
 
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BCP1928

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That’s actually a good question, and it points to the beauty and intentionality in creation.

The Bible teaches that God is both the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. That doesn’t mean He’s manually designing every individual leaf or snowflake like an artist painting each one by hand in real time, but it does mean that He created the laws and systems that govern how they form.
Just like the living creatures.
Take snowflakes, for example. They form through natural processes, but those processes are governed by precise physical laws (temperature, humidity, crystal structure of water molecules, etc.) that God designed. The result is that every snowflake is unique, yet formed by the same ordered system. That points not to randomness, but to a Creator who built beauty and order into nature.
The same goes for leaves and grains of sand — they follow patterns, growth instructions (like DNA), and physical laws that didn’t invent themselves. These things don’t come from chaos; they come from a universe that is finely tuned and deeply ordered, reflecting the wisdom and creativity of the One who made it.
OK, but how is that an argument against the theory of evolution?
So, no. God isn’t hand-carving each sand grain like a craftsman on a bench. But yes, He is the one who made the systems and rules by which all these things are formed. That’s not just poetic, it’s powerful evidence for a Designer behind it all.


I understand your point that evolution is presented as a scientific theory explaining how species change over time. But let’s be honest, Darwinian evolution isn’t just about observable adaptation (which I don’t deny); it’s about the deep-time claim that all life came from a common ancestor by unguided natural processes, without a Creator. That is a belief because it goes beyond what can be directly observed, tested, or repeated.
It is also not a tenet of the theory of evolution.
If someone says, “All life on earth came from a single-celled organism that formed by chance 3.5 billion years ago,” they are making a historical and philosophical claim, not a testable scientific experiment. You can’t rewind the clock and run that process again. So yes, faith is involved, whether in God or in a naturalistic story about the past. It’s not science vs. religion, it’s worldview vs. worldview, both interpreting the same evidence.
If you did rewind the clock and start over you would most likely get an entirely different biosphere than the one we have now, or maybe none at all.
You mentioned that many Christians accept evolution. That’s true, but it doesn’t make the theory immune to critique. It just means some people try to reconcile two systems that ultimately conflict at the foundation:
-Evolution says we are the product of time, chance, and death.
Our physical bodies are the product of time, contingency and the cessation of life.
-The Bible says we are the product of divine creation, made in God’s image, from the beginning, male and female.
Jesus Himself said, “In the beginning, God made them male and female” (Mark 10:6). So yes, this is a faith issue for me, I choose to trust the words of Jesus over the assumptions of a theory that can’t even pass the scientific method's own standards for testability and observation.

So, to say my reasoning is "worthless" just because it starts from a different worldview isn’t an argument, it’s just dismissal. I’m not rejecting science. I’m simply challenging the interpretation of the evidence and affirming that faith in the Creator makes better sense of the complexity, beauty, and purpose we see in the world.

I appreciate your point that we confidently infer intelligent causes when it comes to things obviously made by people, even if we don't know the specific person behind them. But I think the principle behind inferring intelligent causation isn’t limited to human-made objects alone.

In everyday reasoning, when we see complex order, purposeful design, or functionality, things that reliably point to intelligence, we naturally infer an intelligent cause because intelligence is the best explanation we have for such features. This applies whether the cause is human or otherwise.

The fact that some things aren’t “made by people” doesn’t mean we have to abandon inference altogether or claim it’s beyond our ability to know. Rather, it challenges us to consider what kind of cause fits best with the evidence. For example, when we see the intricate complexity and fine-tuning in biological systems, many argue that the most reasonable explanation is an intelligent cause, because chance or purely material processes do not adequately account for that complexity.
I remind you that complexity is a mathematical argument and arguments from complexity without math are bootless. Keep in mind that the process you decry as inadequate has been modelled mathematically.
So, it’s not about assuming the unknown blindly but applying the same logical principle we use in everyday life: when we see evidence of design, we infer design. Whether or not the cause is human, the reasoning remains consistent.

Consider this example: If you walk into an orchard and see 20 apples scattered randomly under an apple tree, you would naturally conclude they simply fell from the tree. But if you walk into the same orchard and see 20 apples neatly lined up and evenly spaced under the tree, your natural conclusion would be that someone arranged them intentionally.
It wouldn't be a conclusion, merely an hypothesis.
This shows how our eyes and minds detect order and design, distinguishing between random chance and purposeful arrangement. Similarly, when we observe the intricate order and complexity in nature, it’s reasonable to infer an intelligent cause behind it.

This idea aligns well with Romans 1:20, which says that God's invisible qualities, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen and understood from what has been made. The natural world reveals evidence of intentional design, even to those who might not recognise the Designer immediately.

Correct, what you’re describing is often called Theistic Evolution,
Theistic Evolution is not the only possibility. It has prove popular for Protestants who do not subscribe to literal inerrancy.
but it raises serious challenges when compared with the biblical account.
The Bible clearly teaches that death entered the world as a direct result of Adam’s sin (Romans 5:12). However, if we accept theistic evolution, it implies that death—both animal and human—existed long before Adam and Eve, since evolution involves countless generations of organisms dying over millions of years.
This creates a tension: either death existed before sin, which contradicts the biblical narrative, or theistic evolution is not a compatible explanation with Scripture. So, it’s not just a difference over mechanism, but over fundamental theological truths about sin and death.
That is not a 'fundamental truth, it is an unsubstantiated religious opinion.
God can easily design an animal to do that.
What you need to show me is evidence that fish turned into cats.
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NxNW

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the problem Darwin identified remains largely unresolved, especially regarding the origin of new body plans in the Cambrian Explosion.

the challenge is that entire sequences of expected transitional forms leading to new phyla are still absent. These aren’t just tiny gaps; they’re massive leaps in biological complexity (e.g., going from soft-bodied, pre-Cambrian life to fully developed arthropods, mollusks, and chordates in a geologically brief window). If evolution happened gradually, we should see numerous clear intermediates showing step-by-step development of these complex features, but we don’t.
We do. The Cambrian organisms have precursor fossils.
Time alone doesn't explain the appearance of organised body plans, complex cell types, or new genetic information. It’s not just about time; it’s about the mechanism.
The mechanism us natural selection.
As for the theological point I raised, you're right, that part is about worldview. But for those of us who are Christians, it’s highly relevant. Jesus referenced a real beginning and a real, distinct creation of male and female by God. That stands in contrast to the idea of undirected evolution over millions of years. So, it’s not just a “religious claim”- it’s a question of whether the authority of Christ agrees with the evolutionary narrative.
There is a decided lack of evidence for the supernatural.
design always points to a designer.
In the same way, when we look at creation, the stars, the sun, the moon, the clouds, the flowers, the trees, and every living creature, we’re not looking at random accidents.
Is a supernatural force needed for any of these things to form? Two drunk teenagers can make a baby. It's not magic.
Yet the theory of evolution asks us to believe that all of this, every organism, every system, even our own consciousness, came into existence by chance.
False. Evolution is driven by natural selection, which is much more powerful than chance,

guided only by natural selection (the survival of the fittest).
You just contradicted yourself. If it's natural selection, it's not chance.
But survival doesn’t explain arrival.
Arrival is not within the scope of evolution.
And chance doesn’t build intricate systems with purpose and order.
Natural forces do. Snowflakes are complex, and they form naturally.
Take something as simple as a leaf. It may seem small and ordinary, but its structure, photosynthesis process, and cellular machinery are far beyond anything human beings can make. Despite all our scientific knowledge, we have never created a fully functioning synthetic leaf that works like the real thing.
I can create a real leaf by planting a seed and waiting a few weeks. There is no magic involved. You're making the Argument from Incredulity, which does not hold water.
If it’s absurd to say that a building assembled itself by accident, how much more absurd is it to believe that something as complex and elegant as a leaf, or all of life, came into being without any intelligent cause?
You're arguing about the origin of life, which is outside the scope of evolution.

Matter and energy have the property of organizing themselves. A 'Law of Emergence' has yet to be formulated exactly, but the property is very real.
 
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The Barbarian

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What you need to show me is evidence that fish turned into cats.
Sure. Just some of the evidence:
1. The bones in fins of a certain group of fish have all the bones found in tetrapod legs.
2. The genes of surviving members of this group are closer to those of cats than they are to other fish.
3. There are many, many transitional forms between these fish and tetrapods.
4. There are many transitional forms between early tetrapods and reptiles.
5. There are many transitional forms between therapsid reptiles and mammals, including detailed transitions between reptilian jaws and ears and mammalian jaws and ears.

Would you like to see some more?
 
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The Barbarian

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Correct, what you’re describing is often called Theistic Evolution, but it raises serious challenges when compared with the biblical account.
The Bible clearly teaches that death entered the world as a direct result of Adam’s sin (Romans 5:12).
God tells Adam that he will die the day he eats from a certain tree. Adam does this, but lives on physically for many years thereafter. The death that God was talking about was not physical death but a spiritual one. If God is truthful, physical death was not brought into the world by Adam's fall.

The Bible teaches that God is both the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. That doesn’t mean He’s manually designing every individual leaf or snowflake like an artist painting each one by hand in real time, but it does mean that He created the laws and systems that govern how they form.
Take snowflakes, for example. They form through natural processes, but those processes are governed by precise physical laws (temperature, humidity, crystal structure of water molecules, etc.) that God designed. The result is that every snowflake is unique, yet formed by the same ordered system. That points not to randomness, but to a Creator who built beauty and order into nature.
If you're willing to accept His word that far, why not just accept all of it, and acknowledge that evolution is also the way God produces new taxa?

I understand your point that evolution is presented as a scientific theory explaining how species change over time. But let’s be honest, Darwinian evolution isn’t just about observable adaptation (which I don’t deny); it’s about the deep-time claim that all life came from a common ancestor by unguided natural processes, without a Creator.
No, that's a common misconception among creationists. First, evolutionary theory isn't about the way life began. And second, Darwin just supposed that God created the first living things.

This shows how our eyes and minds detect order and design, distinguishing between random chance and purposeful arrangement. Similarly, when we observe the intricate order and complexity in nature, it’s reasonable to infer an intelligent cause behind it.
Like those engines which were specified by genetic algorithms. They appear to have been designed. But they were specified by evolutionary processes. So we know that appearance is misleading.

This idea aligns well with Romans 1:20, which says that God's invisible qualities, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen and understood from what has been made. The natural world reveals evidence of intentional design, even to those who might not recognise the Designer immediately.
As genetic algorithms make clear, evolutionary processes are more efficient than design at solving very complex problems. Not surprising that God used evolution; it works better.
 
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The Barbarian

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Question: Do you believe that God is the creator of all?
Of course. The difference is, I'm O.K. with the way He did it.
I am asking this simply because I am interested in knowing how many Christians adamantly defend evolution.
It's like asking who adamantly defends gravity. Evolution and gravity are observed phenomena.
 
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BCP1928

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I have a question for people who have been talking to me. So, Bradskii, The Barbarian, ECP1928, Hans Blaster, Warden of the Storm and any others I have spoken to.
Question: Do you believe that God is the creator of all?
I am asking this simply because I am interested in knowing how many Christians adamantly defend evolution.
I, for one, don't "adamantly defend evolution" I accept it provisionally as the best theory currently available--just like I do with all other scientific theories. Whether God is creator of all or not is irrelevant to the question of the acceptability of the theory.
 
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Gene2memE

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We do. The Cambrian organisms have precursor fossils.

Ehhh, some do. Maybe.

There's more relationships between Ediacaran biota and Cambrian biota than we thought of even ten years ago, largely thanks to a series of finds in South Australia and Namibia in rock that is 550-575 million years old.

However, the connections are still tenuous and evidence far from definitive. What we can say is that the vast majority of extant animal phyla can be traced back to the Cambrian, but there is the possibility that some modern phyla predate it.

Extant phyla that could be argued to have origins in the Ediacaran include

Annelids
Molluscs
Cnidarians
Arthropods
Porifera

However, classifications of Ediacaran biota are a highly contentious topic and source of ongoing research and debate. There's also reasonable arguments to stick everything in a handful of catch-all precambrian phyla (like Proarticulata) and call it a day.

The problem seems to be biomineralisation, or rather a lack of it. Hard shells and then hard skeletons don't appear until the very end of the Ediacaran/very early Cambrian. This seems to have been the trophic novelty that kicked off the evolutionary arms race in the Cambrian. It also vastly increased the potential for remains to be fossilised.

This created a preservation bias. The 'explosion' seen in the fossil record in the Cambrian may thus be the first such that could be preserved, because all precursor species were soft bodied and were thus much less likely to be preserved. Quoting from The advent of animals: The view from the Ediacaran Droser and Gehling (2015):

"The apparent discontinuity between the Precambrian and the Cambrian fossil record is largely based on the absence of skeletal hard parts until the very end of the Ediacaran period and the lack of Cambrian-type constructional morphologies among the Ediacara biota."
 
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1Tonne

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Here's my question for you: why are you pitting Christianity against science? If you want to believe science is wrong that's your prerogative, but that doesn't justify forcing others into your either/or dilemma.
Is this a Christian forum? Correct?
I am not pitting Christianity against science. I am pitting it against a theory that has no biblical backing or any hard evidence. It is all speculation.
Jesus even spoke against evolution, but you choose not to believe Jesus. That makes Jesus into a liar.
This is what the Christian Forums are for. Discussion.
Would you rather I be quiet?
It's the only place where we can be sure that it works. Inferring unknown "intelligent designers" is not scientific and not backed by evidence.
The designer is not unknown. I know Him.

I believe that there are many here who think that they know Him, and they may even go to church and worship Him, but, although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God, nor were thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Professing to be wise, they became fools and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like corruptible man, and birds and four-footed animals and creeping things. - Evolutionists give credit for creation to the animals and man. They say we evolved, and therefore they take the Glory from God and give it to the creatures of the earth. So, in effect, they worship the creature more than they do the creator.
(Sorry if this post seems a little harsh. It is simply the truth. Give God the Glory.)
Common sense is a trap. Science is the method for keeping out of the trap.
"The collection of data through observation and experimentation."
To be considered scientifically proven, a theory must be observable, testable, repeatable, and able to be proven wrong if the evidence goes against it.
Darwinian evolution, by definition, cannot be directly observed or repeated, especially when it is said to happen over millions of years. No one has ever observed one kind of animal slowly turning into another with a new body plan. At best, we observe small changes within species (microevolution), but the kind of large-scale transformation required by Darwinian theory (macroevolution) is assumed, not observed.
It is not scientific. It is a belief system.
It really depends on if there is a mechanism for lining up apples under the tree, for example a fallen branch, or a crack in the ground. We are not talking about unnaturally arranged apples, but things with actual explanations for apparent order.
That’s a fair point. Sometimes, what appears to be designed can have a natural explanation. But this is exactly why examples from nature that exhibit functional complexity are so compelling. Some biological systems show a level of interdependent design where all parts must be present and functioning for the whole to work. In other words, their complexity can't be explained by simple step-by-step processes.

Take the human eye, for example. It requires a retina, a lens, an iris, tear ducts, optic nerves, and a visual processing centre in the brain. Remove or disable any one of these, and the system doesn’t function properly, if at all. The eye is an incredibly sophisticated tool, capable of focusing, adjusting to light, and processing millions of signals per second. It doesn’t behave like something that emerged gradually through random mutation—it looks more like something engineered for a purpose.

This leads to the concept of irreducible complexity, which suggests that certain biological systems are composed of multiple interdependent parts, all of which must be present for the system to function. Here's a concrete example:

The Circulatory System: An Irreducibly Complex System
  1. The Heart pumps the blood, but without blood, it has nothing to move.
  2. The Blood carries oxygen and nutrients, but it would be pointless without a pump to circulate it.
  3. Blood Vessels direct the blood, but they’re useless without both blood and a pumping heart.
These components are co-dependent. You can't build up to a functional circulatory system one piece at a time; it has to be complete from the beginning, or it doesn’t work at all. And if it doesn’t work, the organism doesn’t survive.

Another striking example is the bombardier beetle, which defends itself by firing a boiling, chemically reactive spray at its predators. This beetle stores two separate chemicals-hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide-in its body, along with enzymes that trigger an explosive reaction when the chemicals mix. It even has a special valve system to safely control the reaction and aim it with precision.
Now, if the chemicals had mixed too early during the beetle’s development, it would have destroyed itself. If just one component was missing, the storage system, the enzymes, the reaction chamber, or the safety valve, the defence mechanism wouldn't work and could be fatal. All the parts must be present and properly coordinated from the start. Again, this points toward intelligent design rather than gradual, trial-and-error evolution.

These systems don’t behave like the result of undirected processes; they bear the hallmarks of planning, foresight, and function. In everyday life, we recognise this kind of arrangement as a sign of intelligent causation. Why should we abandon that reasoning when we look at nature?

That is not a 'fundamental truth, it is an unsubstantiated religious opinion.
So, I take it that you are not Christian.

We do. The Cambrian organisms have precursor fossils.
We do not have clear, step-by-step intermediate fossils that Darwin himself said would be necessary if evolution occurred gradually.
When we look at the fossil record surrounding the Cambrian Explosion, we don’t see the detailed transitional sequences that would connect the simple, pre-Cambrian organisms to the sudden appearance of fully formed, complex body plans in the Cambrian. Yes, there are a few candidate fossils like Kimberella or Dickinsonia from the Ediacaran period, but these are relatively simple and lack the anatomical complexity, such as eyes, nervous systems, or articulated limbs, that we see in Cambrian organisms like trilobites, early arthropods, and chordates.
In fact, even many evolutionary palaeontologists acknowledge that the transition from pre-Cambrian to Cambrian life forms is abrupt. The new body plans appear without a clear sequence of gradual modifications leading up to them. We're talking about entirely new phyla, not just variation within a species. These leaps include multiple tissue layers, organs, symmetry types, and complex systems that seem to appear fully formed rather than slowly developed.
As Stephen Jay Gould once wrote, “The Cambrian Explosion was the most remarkable and puzzling event in the history of life.”
So, the issue isn’t whether there are any fossils before the Cambrian, it's whether there are enough clear, functional intermediates to plausibly explain how evolution gradually constructed the highly integrated body plans of Cambrian animals. So far, the fossil record doesn’t seem to support that level of detail.
There is a decided lack of evidence for the supernatural.
I take it that you are also another person who is not a Christian.
False. Evolution is driven by natural selection, which is much more powerful than chance,
True. It is blind faith.
I can create a real leaf by planting a seed and waiting a few weeks. There is no magic involved. You're making the Argument from Incredulity, which does not hold water.
You said you can create a real leaf by planting a seed, but you didn’t create the leaf. You planted something that already contained an immense amount of encoded biological information and machinery capable of producing that leaf. That’s like pressing “print” and claiming you authored the book. The seed is not simple; it’s a self-replicating system packed with genetic instructions, cellular machinery, and a built-in energy system to initiate growth.
This isn't "incredulity"; it's pointing out that even the simplest components of life, like a leaf, are mind-bogglingly complex. Photosynthesis alone involves multiple protein complexes, light-harvesting systems, electron transport chains, and precisely regulated chemical reactions, none of which happen by accident or in isolation.
The fact that we, with all our scientific and technological advances, still cannot design and build a functioning biological leaf from raw materials should give us pause. It doesn’t disprove evolution, but it does highlight that life is far more than just chemistry plus time. Simply saying "it's not magic" doesn’t make complexity disappear. The burden is not on me to accept that blind processes produced such marvels, it's on you to show, step by step, how they came to be without guidance.
Sure. Just some of the evidence:
1. The bones in fins of a certain group of fish have all the bones found in tetrapod legs.
2. The genes of surviving members of this group are closer to those of cats than they are to other fish.
3. There are many, many transitional forms between these fish and tetrapods.
4. There are many transitional forms between early tetrapods and reptiles.
5. There are many transitional forms between therapsid reptiles and mammals, including detailed transitions between reptilian jaws and ears and mammalian jaws and ears.

Would you like to see some more?
This list doesn’t demonstrate that fish turned into cats, or any other specific macroevolutionary pathway. What it does is assume common ancestry and then point to similarities and transitional-looking fossils as evidence for that assumption. But similarities in genes or bones can just as easily point to common design as they can to common descent.
Let’s take your examples one at a time:
1. Bones in fins – Sure, some lobe-finned fish have structures similar to tetrapod limbs, but similarity isn't the same as a mechanism for transformation. A similar bone layout doesn’t show how random mutation and natural selection built the massive anatomical, physiological, and genetic changes needed to go from a fish to a mammal.

2. Genetic similarity – Again, this is expected if you believe in common ancestry, but genetics can’t tell us how or if complex new structures and functions arose by undirected processes. Cats and fish sharing genes is not proof that one turned into the other over time—especially considering that all living organisms share many genes (even bananas and humans are ~60% genetically similar).

3–5. Transitional forms – These are always presented as “many, many,” but when you look closely, you find scattered fossils interpreted after the fact as intermediates, but no clear, continuous sequence of small, incremental changes that Darwinian evolution requires. The supposed transitions from therapsids to mammals are hotly debated even among evolutionary biologists, and the so-called “ear bone evolution” story is filled with gaps, assumptions, and reinterpretations.

The burden of proof isn't to just show that you can line up fossils in a rough order or point to general similarities. The burden is to show a clear, step-by-step, mechanistic pathway by which unguided processes created vast new genetic information and functional complexity, like the leap from aquatic respiration to mammalian lungs, or scales to fur, or cold-blooded to warm-blooded regulation, all while keeping the organism viable at every stage.

So yes, I’m happy to look at more evidence, but I’m not asking for more similarity; I’m asking for a detailed explanation of how large-scale transformations actually occurred by natural processes. That’s what’s missing.
Of course. The difference is, I'm O.K. with the way He did it.
Thank you for sharing your beliefs.
So, you are OK that in the beginning He made them male and female and did not make them slime that evolved into male and female.
It's like asking who adamantly defends gravity. Evolution and gravity are observed phenomena.
Gravity can be tested and seen. Tell me, who do you know that has lived and seen the evolutionary process over millions of years?
I, for one, don't "adamantly defend evolution" I accept it provisionally as the best theory currently available--just like I do with all other scientific theories. Whether God is creator of all or not is irrelevant to the question of the acceptability of the theory.
I asked the question as it would be interesting to see how many atheists are on these forums defending their blind faith.

NOTE: Sorry if I take a long time to answer. I am one person arguing that the Bible is correct, while there are about 8 opponents who give honour to evolution. So, there are many questions that are being thrown at me and I am struggling to find time to answer them.
 

Hans Blaster

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Is this a Christian forum? Correct?
That is the rumor.
I am not pitting Christianity against science. I am pitting it against a theory that has no biblical backing or any hard evidence. It is all speculation.
Science doesn't need, require, or use a "biblical backing".
Jesus even spoke against evolution, but you choose not to believe Jesus. That makes Jesus into a liar.
Evolution was not known in the time of Jesus.
This is what the Christian Forums are for. Discussion.
Would you rather I be quiet?
We'd prefer you argue in good faith. You've been doing a lot of long content dumps filled with things that just aren't true. It's going to take time for us to illustrate all of them. In part we are seeing what of your large set of claims it will be worth replying to given how many you have made. We don't know what kind of poster you will be.
The designer is not unknown. I know Him.

I believe that there are many here who think that they know Him, and they may even go to church and worship Him, but, although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God, nor were thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Professing to be wise, they became fools and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like corruptible man, and birds and four-footed animals and creeping things. - Evolutionists give credit for creation to the animals and man. They say we evolved, and therefore they take the Glory from God and give it to the creatures of the earth. So, in effect, they worship the creature more than they do the creator.
(Sorry if this post seems a little harsh. It is simply the truth. Give God the Glory.)
I am simply uninterested in your religious claims. They are not relevant to science.
"The collection of data through observation and experimentation."
To be considered scientifically proven, a theory must be observable, testable, repeatable, and able to be proven wrong if the evidence goes against it.
That's a nice little (though limited) definition of science, now what are you going to do with it...
Darwinian evolution, by definition, cannot be directly observed or repeated, especially when it is said to happen over millions of years.
Oh boy. (I should have expected this...) Science is about hypothesis testing. Make a plan to get the data needed to test a hypothesis and then analyze it. It could be samples taken from something; it could be measurements of some fossil bones, it could be the genomes of extant life forms; it could be the light curves of a bunch of pulsating stars collected over months; it could be a chemical experiment; etc. Of course evolutionary hypotheses can be tested with data.
No one has ever observed one kind of animal slowly turning into another with a new body plan.
Animals don't change, populations do.
At best, we observe small changes within species (microevolution), but the kind of large-scale transformation required by Darwinian theory (macroevolution) is assumed, not observed.
This is entirely not true. Speciation has been observed many times by scientists in the last 150 years.
It is not scientific. It is a belief system.
It is science. Belief is irrelevant.
That’s a fair point. Sometimes, what appears to be designed can have a natural explanation. But this is exactly why examples from nature that exhibit functional complexity are so compelling. Some biological systems show a level of interdependent design where all parts must be present and functioning for the whole to work. In other words, their complexity can't be explained by simple step-by-step processes.
And sometimes you have to be less superficial in thinking and really work to figure it out. (Also, you are confusing present states with past states.)
Take the human eye, for example. It requires a retina, a lens, an iris, tear ducts, optic nerves, and a visual processing centre in the brain. Remove or disable any one of these, and the system doesn’t function properly, if at all. The eye is an incredibly sophisticated tool, capable of focusing, adjusting to light, and processing millions of signals per second. It doesn’t behave like something that emerged gradually through random mutation—it looks more like something engineered for a purpose.
This one is so old Darwin himself figured out the basics of it.

Evolution of the eye - Wikipedia
This leads to the concept of irreducible complexity, which suggests that certain biological systems are composed of multiple interdependent parts, all of which must be present for the system to function.
The old ID flim-flam routine. You repeat it with great fidelity.
Here's a concrete example:

The Circulatory System: An Irreducibly Complex System
  1. The Heart pumps the blood, but without blood, it has nothing to move.
  2. The Blood carries oxygen and nutrients, but it would be pointless without a pump to circulate it.
  3. Blood Vessels direct the blood, but they’re useless without both blood and a pumping heart.
Did you learn nothing in HS biology?

Hemolymph - Wikipedia
These components are co-dependent. You can't build up to a functional circulatory system one piece at a time; it has to be complete from the beginning, or it doesn’t work at all. And if it doesn’t work, the organism doesn’t survive.
Good for us circulatory dependent organisms our circulatory system grows with us in utero.
Another striking example is the bombardier beetle, which defends itself by firing a boiling, chemically reactive spray at its predators. This beetle stores two separate chemicals-hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide-in its body, along with enzymes that trigger an explosive reaction when the chemicals mix. It even has a special valve system to safely control the reaction and aim it with precision.
Now, if the chemicals had mixed too early during the beetle’s development, it would have destroyed itself. If just one component was missing, the storage system, the enzymes, the reaction chamber, or the safety valve, the defence mechanism wouldn't work and could be fatal. All the parts must be present and properly coordinated from the start. Again, this points toward intelligent design rather than gradual, trial-and-error evolution.
I leave someone else to deal with this entry from the Big Book of Creationist Tropes.
These systems don’t behave like the result of undirected processes; they bear the hallmarks of planning, foresight, and function. In everyday life, we recognise this kind of arrangement as a sign of intelligent causation. Why should we abandon that reasoning when we look at nature?
Because simplistic reasoning of everyday is inadequate to really figuring out what is going on.
So, I take it that you are not Christian.
Oh, this one isn't going to go well for you when you get the response from the person you wrote this too.
We do not have clear, step-by-step intermediate fossils that Darwin himself said would be necessary if evolution occurred gradually.
When we look at the fossil record surrounding the Cambrian Explosion, we don’t see the detailed transitional sequences that would connect the simple, pre-Cambrian organisms to the sudden appearance of fully formed, complex body plans in the Cambrian. Yes, there are a few candidate fossils like Kimberella or Dickinsonia from the Ediacaran period, but these are relatively simple and lack the anatomical complexity, such as eyes, nervous systems, or articulated limbs, that we see in Cambrian organisms like trilobites, early arthropods, and chordates.
In fact, even many evolutionary palaeontologists acknowledge that the transition from pre-Cambrian to Cambrian life forms is abrupt. The new body plans appear without a clear sequence of gradual modifications leading up to them. We're talking about entirely new phyla, not just variation within a species. These leaps include multiple tissue layers, organs, symmetry types, and complex systems that seem to appear fully formed rather than slowly developed.
As Stephen Jay Gould once wrote, “The Cambrian Explosion was the most remarkable and puzzling event in the history of life.”
So, the issue isn’t whether there are any fossils before the Cambrian, it's whether there are enough clear, functional intermediates to plausibly explain how evolution gradually constructed the highly integrated body plans of Cambrian animals. So far, the fossil record doesn’t seem to support that level of detail.

I take it that you are also another person who is not a Christian.

True. It is blind faith.

You said you can create a real leaf by planting a seed, but you didn’t create the leaf. You planted something that already contained an immense amount of encoded biological information and machinery capable of producing that leaf. That’s like pressing “print” and claiming you authored the book. The seed is not simple; it’s a self-replicating system packed with genetic instructions, cellular machinery, and a built-in energy system to initiate growth.
This isn't "incredulity"; it's pointing out that even the simplest components of life, like a leaf, are mind-bogglingly complex. Photosynthesis alone involves multiple protein complexes, light-harvesting systems, electron transport chains, and precisely regulated chemical reactions, none of which happen by accident or in isolation.
The fact that we, with all our scientific and technological advances, still cannot design and build a functioning biological leaf from raw materials should give us pause. It doesn’t disprove evolution, but it does highlight that life is far more than just chemistry plus time. Simply saying "it's not magic" doesn’t make complexity disappear. The burden is not on me to accept that blind processes produced such marvels, it's on you to show, step by step, how they came to be without guidance.

This list doesn’t demonstrate that fish turned into cats, or any other specific macroevolutionary pathway. What it does is assume common ancestry and then point to similarities and transitional-looking fossils as evidence for that assumption. But similarities in genes or bones can just as easily point to common design as they can to common descent.
Let’s take your examples one at a time:
1. Bones in fins – Sure, some lobe-finned fish have structures similar to tetrapod limbs, but similarity isn't the same as a mechanism for transformation. A similar bone layout doesn’t show how random mutation and natural selection built the massive anatomical, physiological, and genetic changes needed to go from a fish to a mammal.

2. Genetic similarity – Again, this is expected if you believe in common ancestry, but genetics can’t tell us how or if complex new structures and functions arose by undirected processes. Cats and fish sharing genes is not proof that one turned into the other over time—especially considering that all living organisms share many genes (even bananas and humans are ~60% genetically similar).

3–5. Transitional forms – These are always presented as “many, many,” but when you look closely, you find scattered fossils interpreted after the fact as intermediates, but no clear, continuous sequence of small, incremental changes that Darwinian evolution requires. The supposed transitions from therapsids to mammals are hotly debated even among evolutionary biologists, and the so-called “ear bone evolution” story is filled with gaps, assumptions, and reinterpretations.

The burden of proof isn't to just show that you can line up fossils in a rough order or point to general similarities. The burden is to show a clear, step-by-step, mechanistic pathway by which unguided processes created vast new genetic information and functional complexity, like the leap from aquatic respiration to mammalian lungs, or scales to fur, or cold-blooded to warm-blooded regulation, all while keeping the organism viable at every stage.

So yes, I’m happy to look at more evidence, but I’m not asking for more similarity; I’m asking for a detailed explanation of how large-scale transformations actually occurred by natural processes. That’s what’s missing.

Thank you for sharing your beliefs.
So, you are OK that in the beginning He made them male and female and did not make them slime that evolved into male and female.

Gravity can be tested and seen. Tell me, who do you know that has lived and seen the evolutionary process over millions of years?

I asked the question as it would be interesting to see how many atheists are on these forums defending their blind faith.

NOTE: Sorry if I take a long time to answer. I am one person arguing that the Bible is correct, while there are about 8 opponents who give honour to evolution. So, there are many questions that are being thrown at me and I am struggling to find time to answer them.
Maybe try responding to one post at a time unless the responses would be repetitive.
 
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Bradskii

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The Bible teaches that God is both the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. That doesn’t mean He’s manually designing every individual leaf or snowflake like an artist painting each one by hand in real time, but it does mean that He created the laws and systems that govern how they form.
Great. And as it turns out, we have discovered what laws and systems He created. We know how He did it. What's your problem with that? I mean, seriously. What is the problem there? Explain it to me.
God can easily design an animal to do that.
Of course. He created this system which allows, for example, a water breathing creature which swims under water to evolve into something that breathes air, can walk on land and even climb trees.
What you need to show me is evidence that fish turned into cats.
Just...what? What's this fixation with fish and cats? You want something like a fish that breathes under water and is covered in scales to turn into something that climbs trees and is covered in fur? Fur is just a modified version of scales. So if there was an evolutionary benefit for that tree climbing 'fish' to evolve fur then, as per the process that you have discovered that God designed, then it would happen.
 
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Bradskii

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I have a question for people who have been talking to me. So, Bradskii, The Barbarian, ECP1928, Hans Blaster, Warden of the Storm and any others I have spoken to.
Question: Do you believe that God is the creator of all?
I don't. BUT for the purpose of this thread I will accept that he did. Because it's irrelevant. One either accepts the evidence and calls it a natural process. OR one accepts the evidence and calls it divinely ordained. The critical aspect of those two positions is that one accepts the evidence.

You're not doing that. Because you have a fundamentalist position in that you hold that Genesis is literally true. You are not arguing this from a scientific position. You are wasting your time, and ours. By simply repeating facile arguments that you have read in creationist literature and which we have all heard very many times before.
 
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Warden_of_the_Storm

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I understand your point that evolution is presented as a scientific theory explaining how species change over time. But let’s be honest, Darwinian evolution isn’t just about observable adaptation (which I don’t deny); it’s about the deep-time claim that all life came from a common ancestor by unguided natural processes, without a Creator. That is a belief because it goes beyond what can be directly observed, tested, or repeated.

If someone says, “All life on earth came from a single-celled organism that formed by chance 3.5 billion years ago,” they are making a historical and philosophical claim, not a testable scientific experiment. You can’t rewind the clock and run that process again. So yes, faith is involved, whether in God or in a naturalistic story about the past. It’s not science vs. religion, it’s worldview vs. worldview, both interpreting the same evidence.

You mentioned that many Christians accept evolution. That’s true, but it doesn’t make the theory immune to critique. It just means some people try to reconcile two systems that ultimately conflict at the foundation:
-Evolution says we are the product of time, chance, and death.
-The Bible says we are the product of divine creation, made in God’s image, from the beginning, male and female.
Jesus Himself said, “In the beginning, God made them male and female” (Mark 10:6). So yes, this is a faith issue for me, I choose to trust the words of Jesus over the assumptions of a theory that can’t even pass the scientific method's own standards for testability and observation.

So, to say my reasoning is "worthless" just because it starts from a different worldview isn’t an argument, it’s just dismissal. I’m not rejecting science. I’m simply challenging the interpretation of the evidence and affirming that faith in the Creator makes better sense of the complexity, beauty, and purpose we see in the world.

And so, you're a Young Earth Creationist then? That explains why your 'commentary' is all over the gaff, disjointed and nonsensical.

And yes, my comment is just a dismissal of your claims because there's nothing substantive behind your claims. Your claims are nothing more than "People don't accept a literal reading of the Bible to be true, and I'm going to make that a problem for everyone else."
 
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1Tonne

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Science doesn't need, require, or use a "biblical backing".
But it needs to be observable, testable, repeatable, and able to be proven wrong if the evidence goes against it. Evolution does not meet this standard, and therefore it is not science. Only a theory.
I used the biblical backing wording as there are Christians on this thread.
Evolution was not known in the time of Jesus.
Exactly. But creation was spoken of. Jesus said, In the beginning God created them male and female. Not sludge that evolved.
We'd prefer you argue in good faith. You've been doing a lot of long content dumps filled with things that just aren't true. It's going to take time for us to illustrate all of them. In part we are seeing what of your large set of claims it will be worth replying to given how many you have made. We don't know what kind of poster you will be.
I’m more than happy to argue in good faith; that’s exactly what I’ve been doing. I’ve responded directly to the questions that have been asked, often in detail, and I’ve done so without resorting to dismissive language. If anything, I’ve taken the time to thoughtfully engage with multiple people at once, which I hope shows that I’m here to have a serious discussion, not to troll or mislead.
If you believe some of what I’ve said is incorrect, I’m open to correction, but simply labelling my posts as "content dumps" or “not true” without addressing the substance doesn’t move the conversation forward. Dismissing a position because it’s well developed or challenges deeply held assumptions isn’t a rebuttal.
I understand that responding thoroughly takes time, that’s fair. But if a group of several committed individuals needs to pause to figure out how to reply to one person, that may say more about the strength of the evidence than the style of delivery. I’ll keep engaging respectfully as much as possible and honestly, and I hope the same will be extended in return.
Oh boy. (I should have expected this...) Science is about hypothesis testing. Make a plan to get the data needed to test a hypothesis and then analyze it. It could be samples taken from something; it could be measurements of some fossil bones, it could be the genomes of extant life forms; it could be the light curves of a bunch of pulsating stars collected over months; it could be a chemical experiment; etc. Of course evolutionary hypotheses can be tested with data.
Sure, I agree that science involves hypothesis testing and data analysis. But when it comes to evolutionary claims, especially large-scale historical ones like common ancestry, the origin of body plans, or the transformation of major life forms, we run into serious limitations that don’t apply to experimental sciences like chemistry or physics.
Why? Because we're dealing with non-repeatable, unobservable events in the distant past, not real-time processes we can directly observe, test, or replicate under controlled conditions. In fields like palaeontology or evolutionary biology, we are often piecing together fragmentary evidence and trying to reconstruct ancient environments, ecosystems, genetic information, and population dynamics based on inference, not direct observation.
And the truth is, those ancient conditions can't be fully recreated or verified. Environments change, genetic pathways mutate, and selective pressures fluctuate over time. We can’t go back and test the climate, the oxygen levels, the predator-prey relationships, or the mutation rates at every supposed step of evolution. We can only guess based on present-day proxies and scattered fossil or molecular data.
So yes, evolutionary hypotheses can be framed in scientific terms, but their testability is often limited by the fact that the key events and variables are locked in the unobservable past. Unlike testing the boiling point of a liquid or the orbit of a planet, we can’t rewind history and run it again to see if fish really could turn into land animals, or land mammals into whales. What we get are interpretations of data, often built on assumptions, like uniformitarianism or genetic similarity implying common descent.
This is entirely not true. Speciation has been observed many times by scientists in the last 150 years.
Yes, I’m aware that speciation has been observed, but let’s be clear about what’s actually being observed. The famous example of Darwin’s finches shows changes in beak size and shape based on environmental pressures. But in the end, they were finches before, and they were finches after. No new body plans, no new organs, no fundamentally new genetic information, just minor variations within an existing gene pool.


The same goes for other examples like cichlid fish or fruit flies. You can breed a population into slightly different species (based on reproductive isolation or ecological preference), but you’re still working with the same basic form, the same body structure, and the same overall genetic toolkit.

This is microevolution, which no one disputes; it's simply variation, adaptation, and sometimes speciation within a kind. But Darwinian macroevolution requires far more than that. It requires step-by-step changes over time that produce entirely new structures, new organs, new genetic information, and eventually entirely new kinds of creatures (e.g., turning a fish into a land mammal, or a reptile into a bird). That kind of transformation has not been observed.
So, pointing to observed speciation events as proof of macroevolution is like pointing to regional accents in English as proof that Latin turned into Chinese. Yes, changes happen, but not that kind of change.

Until we see observable, testable evidence of large-scale transformations that go beyond shuffling or losing existing traits, Darwinian evolution remains an unobserved extrapolation, not a directly demonstrated process.
This one is so old Darwin himself figured out the basics of it.

Evolution of the eye - Wikipedia
I had a look at the article, it doesn’t actually answer the core issue. It outlines a hypothetical pathway from simple light-sensitive cells to complex eyes, but it assumes each tiny step would be both viable and advantageous. That’s not shown, it’s just inferred.
The real question is: how do you go from scattered cells to a fully integrated system involving lenses, muscles, nerves, and a brain that interprets signals, all of which must work together? The article doesn’t explain how random mutations produced the tightly coordinated parts needed for vision; it just assumes it.
So no, pointing to a series of light-sensitive blobs doesn’t explain the origin of the eye. It just sidesteps the deeper problem of interdependent complexity, which still points strongly to design.
Did you learn nothing in HS biology?

Hemolymph - Wikipedia
Yes, I did learn high school biology, and the Wikipedia article on hemolymph doesn’t undermine the original point. It simply describes an open circulatory system found in insects and mollusks, where hemolymph (a fluid analogous to blood) bathes organs directly, lacking the closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries seen in vertebrates.
That actually reinforces the argument for irreducible complexity, not diminishes it:
-Vertebrates have a tightly coordinated system of heart, blood, and vessels, each part indispensable and co-dependent.
-Invertebrates can get by with a simpler, less efficient system, but that doesn’t make vertebrate complexity any less remarkable, and it doesn’t explain how such a closed system originated step by step.

The existence of hemolymph in insects just shows nature has different solutions, but it doesn’t solve the problem of how a closed circulatory system, with its interlocking parts, could evolve via small, functional steps. So, bringing hemolymph into the conversation is a distraction, not a rebuttal.
Good for us circulatory dependent organisms our circulatory system grows with us in utero.
You're missing the point. Yes, the circulatory system grows during development, that’s not in question. But development in the womb and the origin of the system through evolution are two entirely different issues.
Development is guided by a pre-existing genetic blueprint. Evolution, on the other hand, is supposed to explain how that complex, interdependent system (heart, blood, vessels) came to exist in the first place, before any such blueprint existed.
Saying "it grows with us" doesn’t explain how that entire system arose through random mutation and natural selection. You're describing how a functioning system replicates, not how it was built from scratch in evolutionary history. That’s the actual challenge, and it still stands.
I leave someone else to deal with this entry from the Big Book of Creationist Tropes.
If you call it a trope, then you should be able to defend your belief. Though simply dismissing it shows you may need to do a little more HS biology :)
 
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Warden_of_the_Storm

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But it needs to be observable, testable, repeatable, and able to be proven wrong if the evidence goes against it. Evolution does not meet this standard, and therefore it is not science. Only a theory.

Except that just plainly isn't true, otherwise evolution wouldn't be a theory. Again: a theory is an explanation of facts and evidence in science. It is not just a guess.
 
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