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Darwinian evolution - still a theory in crisis.

The Barbarian

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my detractors all seem to assume That Darwinian evolution ( which doesn’t make it as a proper theory anyway) is now established as THE process of evolution
It's a theory, because it makes predictions which are verified later by evidence. That's how hypotheses become theories. But it's not the only mode of evolution. Humans consciously breed organisms. Random evolution is not Darwinian, but it happens.

My detractors contend that there is a pathway to life via abiogenesis after which Darwinian process arrived at present life by more or less known route, instead of the REALITY as I have often said, that the void between the most complex non living structures we know to the simplest cell we know which is horrendously complex, is a vast unbridgeable chasm , and that there is not even conjecture that fills the gap.
You might as well assail solid-state physics for not saying where sand comes from. In science, theories are only accountable for the claims they make. Creationists, having learned from experience that they lose badly when arguing against biological evolution itself, try to make it accounable for the origin of life, the big bang, or whatever. It's very transparent.


“ Michael Denton - evolution still a theory in crisis “
Denton says that biological evolution is a fact, and a natural process, completely at odds with special creationism. You sure you want to back him?

It takes a book. Read it. It’s a good review of where evolutionary science is at, and the holes it can’t fill.
Read the first one. And the second one. Not impressed. Nor are the vast majority of biologists.
 
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1Tonne

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I'll start off with the quote-mine by giving the rest of Darwin's quote, since this is a quote-mine from two different chapters of Darwin's work, On The Origin of Species, with the first half being from chapters 6 - Difficulties on Theory:

"But, as by this theory innumerable transitional forms must have existed, why do we not find them embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the earth? It will be much more convenient to discuss this question in the chapter on the Imperfection of the geological record; and I will here only state that I believe the answer mainly lies in the record being incomparably less perfect than is generally supposed; the imperfection of the record being chiefly due to organic beings not inhabiting profound depths of the sea, and to their remains being embedded and preserved to a future age only in masses of sediment sufficiently thick and extensive to withstand an enormous amount of future degradation; and such fossiliferous masses can be accumulated only where much sediment is deposited on the shallow bed of the sea, whilst it slowly subsides. These contingencies will concur only rarely, and after enormously long intervals. Whilst the bed of the sea is stationary or is rising, or when very little sediment is being deposited, there will be blanks in our geological history. The crust of the earth is a vast museum; but the natural collections have been made only at intervals of time immensely remote."
And the second half from chapter 9 - On the Imperfection of the Geological Record:

"By the theory of natural selection all living species have been connected with the parent-species of each genus, by differences not greater than we see between the varieties of the same species at the present day; and these parent-species, now generally extinct, have in their turn been similarly connected with more ancient species; and so on backwards, always converging to the common ancestor of each great class. So that the number of intermediate and transitional links, between all living and extinct species, must have been inconceivably great. But assuredly, if this theory be true, such have lived upon this earth.

On the lapse of Time. Independently of our not finding fossil remains of such infinitely numerous connecting links, it may be objected, that time will not have sufficed for so great an amount of organic change, all changes having been effected very slowly through natural selection. It is hardly possible for me even to recall to the reader, who may not be a practical geologist, the facts leading the mind feebly to comprehend the lapse of time. He who can read Sir Charles Lyell's grand work on the Principles of Geology, which the future historian will recognise as having produced a revolution in natural science, yet does not admit how incomprehensibly vast have been the past periods of time, may at once close this volume. Not that it suffices to study the Principles of Geology, or to read special treatises by different observers on separate formations, and to mark how each author attempts to give an inadequate idea of the duration of each formation or even each stratum. A man must for years examine for himself great piles of superimposed strata, and watch the sea at work grinding down old rocks and making fresh sediment, before he can hope to comprehend anything of the lapse of time, the monuments of which we see around us.
"

You do know that Cambrian explosion was a period of several million years, right; 13 to 25 million years? That's 'relatively' short, but not amazingly short enough to be impossible to happen. There are several transitional fossils, but since fossils are hard to obtain anyway, especially those from much earlier time frames, we can only work with what we have.

As for the 'in-between forms': that's every fossil found. There is no end form of any evolutionary lineage. Life keeps evolving.

Your last point is nothing more than just a theological claim which has no real bearing on the topic.
You’re right to point out that Darwin acknowledged the imperfections of the fossil record. That’s part of his explanation for why the transitional forms were missing in his day. But over 160 years later, despite countless fossil discoveries and advances in palaeontology, the problem Darwin identified remains largely unresolved, especially regarding the origin of new body plans in the Cambrian Explosion.

Yes, Darwin expected transitional fossils, and yes, he blamed their absence on preservation issues. But the key issue isn’t whether some fossils are missing; the challenge is that entire sequences of expected transitional forms leading to new phyla are still absent. These aren’t just tiny gaps; they’re massive leaps in biological complexity (e.g., going from soft-bodied, pre-Cambrian life to fully developed arthropods, mollusks, and chordates in a geologically brief window). If evolution happened gradually, we should see numerous clear intermediates showing step-by-step development of these complex features, but we don’t.

Even evolutionary palaeontologists like Simon Conway Morris and Douglas Erwin acknowledge that the Cambrian event was sudden and dramatic, and that explaining the origin of body plans remains a deep puzzle.

Regarding the 13–25 million years of the Cambrian Explosion, yes, geologically that's “relatively short,” but it’s still very short when you're talking about the origin of dozens of major animal groups and entirely new anatomical features. Time alone doesn't explain the appearance of organised body plans, complex cell types, or new genetic information. It’s not just about time; it’s about the mechanism. How did the information for all this complexity arise?

You also said, "Every fossil found is an in-between form."
That may sound nice in theory, but it dodges the main question: in between what, exactly? It's easy to say “everything is transitional,” but in science, we should be able to trace specific sequences from known ancestors to known descendants. For most Cambrian phyla, we don't have those sequences.

As for the theological point I raised, you're right, that part is about worldview. But for those of us who are Christians, it’s highly relevant. Jesus referenced a real beginning and a real, distinct creation of male and female by God. That stands in contrast to the idea of undirected evolution over millions of years. So, it’s not just a “religious claim”- it’s a question of whether the authority of Christ agrees with the evolutionary narrative.

Now, looking at evolution from a logical viewpoint, you will find that it does not make sense.
For example, if you look at a building, you know without a doubt that there was a builder. No one believes a building simply fell together by itself. If I said it did, you’d think I was being ridiculous. You can see order, structure, and purpose in it, and that naturally leads you to conclude there was a mind behind it.
Likewise, when we see a painting, even if the artist is long gone, we instinctively know it was painted by someone. That’s because design always points to a designer.
In the same way, when we look at creation, the stars, the sun, the moon, the clouds, the flowers, the trees, and every living creature, we’re not looking at random accidents. We’re looking at beauty, function, and incredible complexity. So, if a builder built the building, and a painter painted the painting, then logically, a Creator must have made creation.
Yet the theory of evolution asks us to believe that all of this, every organism, every system, even our own consciousness, came into existence by chance, guided only by natural selection (the survival of the fittest). But survival doesn’t explain arrival. And chance doesn’t build intricate systems with purpose and order.
Take something as simple as a leaf. It may seem small and ordinary, but its structure, photosynthesis process, and cellular machinery are far beyond anything human beings can make. Despite all our scientific knowledge, we have never created a fully functioning synthetic leaf that works like the real thing.

If it’s absurd to say that a building assembled itself by accident, how much more absurd is it to believe that something as complex and elegant as a leaf, or all of life, came into being without any intelligent cause?
 
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1Tonne

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It's a theory, because it makes predictions which are verified later by evidence.
Where is the evidence of Evolution? We see microevolution, that is, birds adapting to their environment, so birds turning into birds. But we do not see macroevolution, that is, fish turning into cats. There is no evidence for Darwinian Evolution. As you have said, it is only a theory.
 
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Warden_of_the_Storm

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If it’s absurd to say that a building assembled itself by accident, how much more absurd is it to believe that something as complex and elegant as a leaf, or all of life, came into being without any intelligent cause?

It's absurd that you even think that's a fair and logical comparison in the slightest, or that you think your entire post is actually even addressing anything at all. All it reads is a problem of incredulity from your part, and a dogmatic refusal to accept science.
 
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1Tonne

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It's absurd that you even think that's a fair and logical comparison in the slightest, or that you think your entire post is actually even addressing anything at all. All it reads is a problem of incredulity from your part, and a dogmatic refusal to accept science.
I understand that you see my comparison as absurd, but it’s actually a very common-sense line of reasoning: we recognise design and purpose when we see it. This isn’t just about "incredulity", it’s about applying the same logic we use in everyday life. When we see something highly ordered and purposeful (like a building, a painting, or a computer program), we don’t assume it came from random chance (that would be silly); we assume intelligence was involved.
My post is pointing out that the complexity in creation, from DNA to ecosystems, is far beyond anything humans have made. And yet we’re asked to believe it all came about through random mutations and blind natural processes, without guidance or intention. That’s not a scientific certainty; that’s a philosophical position.
Calling this a “refusal to accept science” is a misunderstanding. I appreciate science. What I don’t accept is that unguided processes alone are sufficient to explain the origin and complexity of life. That’s not dogma, that’s a reasonable challenge. And the lack of evidence keeps the theory simply that. A theory.
Science is supposed to follow the evidence wherever it leads, and design is a legitimate possibility worth considering, especially when the complexity of life so strongly resembles the things we know are designed.
 
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Warden_of_the_Storm

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I understand that you see my comparison as absurd, but it’s actually a very common-sense line of reasoning: we recognise design and purpose when we see it. This isn’t just about "incredulity", it’s about applying the same logic we use in everyday life. When we see something highly ordered and purposeful (like a building, a painting, or a computer program), we don’t assume it came from random chance (that would be silly); we assume intelligence was involved.
My post is pointing out that the complexity in creation, from DNA to ecosystems, is far beyond anything humans have made. And yet we’re asked to believe it all came about through random mutations and blind natural processes, without guidance or intention. That’s not a scientific certainty; that’s a philosophical position.
Calling this a “refusal to accept science” is a misunderstanding. I appreciate science. What I don’t accept is that unguided processes alone are sufficient to explain the origin and complexity of life. That’s not dogma, that’s a reasonable challenge. And the lack of evidence keeps the theory simply that. A theory.
Science is supposed to follow the evidence wherever it leads, and design is a legitimate possibility worth considering, especially when the complexity of life so strongly resembles the things we know are designed.

Recognising design is not the same thing as showing design. If you want to claim that life was designed, then you need to show that it was. Same with talking about complexity. We know that buildings, paintings and computer progams were designed because we have evidence of those things being designed, and in many cases, step by step evidence of them being built. We have none of that as evidence whatsoever for anything found in nature. None.

And you clearly don't appreciate science if you basically say that evolution is 'just a theory' when in science, a theory is a way to explain facts and evidence found. It is the highest thing that science can achieve for an idea, such as germ theory, nuclear theory, the theory of gravity and, surprise here, the theory of evolution.

All your commentary shows is a dogmatic incredulity on your part. Nothing more, nothing less.
 
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The Barbarian

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Where is the evidence of Evolution?
First, we see it going on everyday in all living populations. Perhaps you don't know what biological evolution is. It's a change in allele frequencies in a population over time. "Descent with modificiation" as Darwin put it. Microevolution is defined as evolution within a species. Macroevolution is speciation. We see both of these going on. Want some examples?

we do not see macroevolution, that is, fish turning into cats.
If that happened, evolutionary theory would be in big trouble. Common descent isn't evolution; it's a consequence of evolution. However, this has a great deal of evidence for it.

Darwin’s fourth expectation — of stratomorphic series — has been confirmed by such examples as the early bird series,33 the tetrapod series,34,35 the whale series,36 the various mammal series of the Cenozoic37 (for example, the horse series, the camel series, the elephant series, the pig series, the titanothere series, etc.), the Cantius and Plesiadapus primate series,38 and the hominid series.39 Evidence for not just one but for all three of the species level and above types of stratomorphic intermediates expected by macroevolutionary theory is surely strong evidence for macroevolutionary theory. Creationists therefore need to accept this fact.
YE creationist Dr. Kurt Wise Toward a Creationist Understanding of Transitional Forms

Even more compelling, we see all these transitional forms where they were predicted to be, but we don't see any such transitionals where they shouldn't be. No lobsters with bones, no mammals with feathers.

Not surprisingly, the genetic data confirms phylogenies first accidentally documented by Linnaeaus, long before Darwin discovered why they form such a tree. And we know that works, because we can compare the genes of organisms of known descent.

There's more. Would you like to see more?

There is no evidence for Darwinian Evolution.
See above. You've been badly misled.

As you have said, it is only a theory.
No, that's wrong, too. You've confused the observed phenomenon of evolution with the theory that explains it.

Creationists might as well deny gravity as "just a theory." There is a theory that explains the observed phenomenon of gravity.
 
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Bradskii

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What I meant was that a husband and wife don't start off with the non-living constituent molecules, and then bring them together in the correct combinations to form egg and sperm. I was answering your post where you seemed to be suggesting that husband and wife turned non-living into living. They didn't; their eggs/sperm were already living. They didn't take carmon and sodium molecules, etc. and combine them to form the eggs and sperm.
Yes, that's exactly what they do. Well, the processes within their bodies does exactly that. The sperm only lasts a few weeks. They are constantly being made, from 'citric acid, free amino acids, fructose, enzymes, phosphorylcholine, prostaglandin, potassium, and zinc'. Nothing animate there. So your body is literally making cellular life as you read this.
 
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The Barbarian

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I understand that you see my comparison as absurd, but it’s actually a very common-sense line of reasoning: we recognise design and purpose when we see it.
Like ancient people thought gods put the stars into designs for them to see. The problem is that humans are inclined to see design where there isn't any, like faces in clouds. It has a survival value; those who saw movement in the tall grass, and assumed "lion" tended to live longer. But if carried too far, it leads to paranoia and superstition.

And yet we’re asked to believe it all came about through random mutations and blind natural processes, without guidance or intention.
Darwin's great discovery was that it isn't random. Again, not knowing much about things, makes it hard to speak of it effectively. Most of us who accept God realize such things appear as He intended, by natural laws He created.

Calling this a “refusal to accept science” is a misunderstanding. I appreciate science.
You don't seem to understand it very well; you've confused theories with the phenomena they explain, for example.

Science is supposed to follow the evidence wherever it leads, and design is a legitimate possibility worth considering, especially when the complexity of life so strongly resembles the things we know are designed.
Demoting God to a mere "designer" is selling Him short. It's noteworthy that engineers are now copying evolutionary processes to solve problems that are too difficult for design. Genetic algorithms are using Darwinian evolutionary processes to do this more efficiently and effectively than could be done by design.

And yes, those engines "look designed" even if though they aren't. Usually, the engineers are even quite sure why they are optimized. God knows best, once again.
 
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Bradskii

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If it’s absurd to say that a building assembled itself by accident, how much more absurd is it to believe that something as complex and elegant as a leaf, or all of life, came into being without any intelligent cause?

So is literally God designing each single leaf? And each snowflake? And the shape of each grain of sand?
 
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1Tonne

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Recognising design is not the same thing as showing design. If you want to claim that life was designed, then you need to show that it was. Same with talking about complexity. We know that buildings, paintings and computer progams were designed because we have evidence of those things being designed, and in many cases, step by step evidence of them being built. We have none of that as evidence whatsoever for anything found in nature. None.

And you clearly don't appreciate science if you basically say that evolution is 'just a theory' when in science, a theory is a way to explain facts and evidence found. It is the highest thing that science can achieve for an idea, such as germ theory, nuclear theory, the theory of gravity and, surprise here, the theory of evolution.

All your commentary shows is a dogmatic incredulity on your part. Nothing more, nothing less.
You said that "recognizing design is not the same as showing design." I understand your point, but let me ask: when we see organized, purposeful complexity, like in a jet engine, a symphony, or even a simple sentence, is it unreasonable to infer design, even if we don’t see the designer at work? In everyday life, we constantly infer intelligent causes based on the nature of the thing itself. Life is filled with such evidence: DNA is a coded language, the cell is like a miniature factory, and the universe is fine-tuned for life. These things point to intelligence, not chance.

Let’s just consider DNA. We would laugh at someone who claimed that a book fell together by itself. That black ink just rained down from the sky, formed letters on a page, and somehow arranged those letters into words, sentences, and chapters that make sense. Then, colored ink fell and made beautiful illustrations of animals and landscapes. Then page numbers fell into the corners, all in the correct order. Finally, the pages bound themselves together into a complete book. We’d scoff at that because it’s absurd.
And yet, every one of us carries a book inside us, our DNA. It is a highly complex, information-rich code that tells your body how to function, develop, and repair itself. DNA contains more information than any book ever written. In fact, if you stretched out all the DNA in your body, it would reach to the moon and back multiple times.
So, if it’s unthinkable to believe that a simple book made itself by accident, how much more unreasonable is it to believe that the biological book of life, our DNA, formed itself through unguided processes? Information demands intelligence.

Now, regarding evolution, let’s return to the scientific method, which is based on:
"The collection of data through observation and experimentation."
To be considered scientifically proven, a theory must be observable, testable, repeatable, and able to be proven wrong if the evidence goes against it.
Darwinian evolution, by definition, cannot be directly observed or repeated, especially when it is said to happen over millions of years. No one has ever observed one kind of animal slowly turning into another with a new body plan. At best, we observe small changes within species (microevolution), but the kind of large-scale transformation required by Darwinian theory (macroevolution) is assumed, not observed.
So, how can you test a process that supposedly happened 60 million years ago? You can’t. It doesn't meet the criteria of scientific proof. It’s not empirical science; it’s a historical interpretation of past events based on limited evidence. It ultimately requires faith, faith in chance, deep time, and natural processes to create things we have no evidence they can produce.

Meanwhile, Jesus Christ, who claimed to be the Creator (John 1:1–3), said, "In the beginning, God made them male and female." (Mark 10:6). As a Christian, I choose to trust the One who rose from the dead and who was there “in the beginning,” over a theory that rests on assumptions and cannot be tested by the scientific method.
And this isn't just blind belief. Romans 1:20 says, "For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that people are without excuse."
In other words, the design and order we see in creation is the evidence of the Creator. God has made Himself known through what He has made, and it takes more faith to deny that than to believe it.

In the end, it comes down to this: who or what do you put your faith in? Blind, unguided chance, or the words of Jesus, the Creator?

First, we see it going on everyday in all living populations. Perhaps you don't know what biological evolution is. It's a change in allele frequencies in a population over time. "Descent with modificiation" as Darwin put it. Microevolution is defined as evolution within a species. Macroevolution is speciation. We see both of these going on. Want some examples?
Thanks for the reply. I do understand what biological evolution is claimed to be, "descent with modification" and changes in allele frequencies over time. And I agree that microevolution, small changes within a species, is observable. We see variation, adaptation, and even speciation (like new varieties of finches or bacteria resistance). But we do not see Darwinian evolution. That is fish turning into cats. Here's the key point: Microevolution is not the same as molecules-to-man macroevolution.
Changing allele frequencies within a population does not explain how entirely new body plans, organs, or types of creatures come into existence. You can breed dogs for size or colour all day, but you’ll never get a cat. Speciation, in the sense of slight reproductive differences, doesn’t equal the kind of large-scale innovation Darwinian evolution requires.

So yes, I'd be open to examples of macroevolution, but they need to show more than just variation within a kind. If you’re saying macroevolution is proven, then can you show:
-The step-by-step formation of a brand-new organ?
-A clear transitional path from one major animal group to another (not just assumed from similarity)?
-The origin of new genetic information, not just the reshuffling or loss of existing genes?

Because that’s the real debate, not whether small changes occur, but whether small changes can build entirely new kinds of creatures over time. If you have evidence of that, I’d genuinely be interested to see it.
If that happened, evolutionary theory would be in big trouble. Common descent isn't evolution; it's a consequence of evolution. However, this has a great deal of evidence for it.

Darwin’s fourth expectation — of stratomorphic series — has been confirmed by such examples as the early bird series,33 the tetrapod series,34,35 the whale series,36 the various mammal series of the Cenozoic37 (for example, the horse series, the camel series, the elephant series, the pig series, the titanothere series, etc.), the Cantius and Plesiadapus primate series,38 and the hominid series.39 Evidence for not just one but for all three of the species level and above types of stratomorphic intermediates expected by macroevolutionary theory is surely strong evidence for macroevolutionary theory. Creationists therefore need to accept this fact.
YE creationist Dr. Kurt Wise Toward a Creationist Understanding of Transitional Forms

Even more compelling, we see all these transitional forms where they were predicted to be, but we don't see any such transitionals where they shouldn't be. No lobsters with bones, no mammals with feathers.

Not surprisingly, the genetic data confirms phylogenies first accidentally documented by Linnaeaus, long before Darwin discovered why they form such a tree. And we know that works, because we can compare the genes of organisms of known descent.

There's more. Would you like to see more?
You’ve brought up a lot of fossil examples and genetic evidence, and I appreciate your willingness to dig deep into the topic. But I think it’s important to step back and ask, "What exactly is being claimed, and what is actually being observed?"

You mentioned transitional series like birds, tetrapods, and whales. But all of those are interpretations based on similarities in fossils, often with large gaps and a great deal of assumption that one form gave rise to another over time. The fossils themselves are static snapshots, they don’t show the actual step-by-step transitions, mechanisms, or genetic pathways. In many cases, these fossils appear suddenly, and often side-by-side with supposedly "primitive" forms.

As for Dr. Kurt Wise, I’m aware of his quote, but it’s worth noting that even he doesn’t accept that these series demonstrate Darwinian evolution. He believes these patterns are explained by common design, not common ancestry. He acknowledges the presence of fossil patterns but interprets them within a creationist framework. Quoting him as if he supports macroevolution is misleading.

Regarding genetics and phylogenies, yes, we can compare genes, and we can see similarities. But similarity does not prove descent. A human-written book and a software manual might have similar formatting and vocabulary, but that doesn’t mean one evolved from the other by chance. It means they likely share a common mind or designer using similar structures.

Also, you mentioned that we don’t find mammals with feathers or lobsters with bones, and I agree. But that doesn’t prove evolution. It actually underscores stability within kinds, not transformation from one kind to another. If macroevolution were happening constantly over millions of years, we’d expect to see many more mosaic forms or odd mixes, not just clean separations between groups.

So again, the real issue isn’t whether you can line up fossils and say, “this looks like it could be a transition.” The question is:
Can gradual, step-by-step processes truly account for the origin of brand-new body plans, organs, and genetic information?
That’s where Darwinian evolution continues to fall short, not in explaining small changes, but in explaining innovation.

If you have evidence of a genuine step-by-step process showing the origin of a new organ system or a new phylum, I’d be open to seeing that. But just lining up fossils based on similarity doesn’t demonstrate that process; it assumes it.

Also, on the topic of genetics, yes, humans share a lot of genetic similarities with other living things, like the chimpanzee. But similarity doesn’t prove common descent; it just shows shared features. Did you know that humans share around 60% of their DNA with a banana?

But no one seriously thinks that means my great-great-great-great grandfather was a banana. That would be absurd. It simply shows that living things share common building blocks, just like different books might use the same alphabet or similar phrases, without being copied from one another. Similarity can just as easily point to a common designer using efficient patterns, not random evolution from a fruit tree.

So again, the core question isn’t whether living things share DNA, it’s whether random mutations and natural selection can actually build the amount of complexity and information we see in life. And that has never been demonstrated.
 
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Warden_of_the_Storm

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In the end, it comes down to this: who or what do you put your faith in? Blind, unguided chance, or the words of Jesus, the Creator?

This is really the only part of the comment worth responding to because it shows the flaw of your reasoning: the theory of evolution is not a religious belief nor a religion. It is not theological, nor moralistic, nor talks about ethics or ethos. It is merely a scientific way to explain how and why animal populations adapt and change biologically in regards to changes in their environment. It is not something for anyone to belief in in place of another belief. It is simple looking at the world and describing things that we see.

There are millions of Christians in the world who accept evolution as the scientific fact it is and still call Jesus Christ the Son of God their saviour. They are only incompatible if you think as you do.

Your commentary, in that light, is absolutely and completely worthless since you've come at this from a flawed premise to begin with.
 
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BCP1928

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If it’s absurd to say that a building assembled itself by accident, how much more absurd is it to believe that something as complex and elegant as a leaf, or all of life, came into being without any intelligent cause?
I'm not sure what you mean by "accident" here, but setting it in opposition to "intelligent cause" appears to be a false dichotomy. Complexity can certainly arise without an intelligent cause, but be careful with arguments from complexity; complexity is a mathematical concept and arguments from complexity without any math are bootless.
 
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Hans Blaster

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You said that "recognizing design is not the same as showing design." I understand your point, but let me ask: when we see organized, purposeful complexity, like in a jet engine, a symphony, or even a simple sentence, is it unreasonable to infer design, even if we don’t see the designer at work?
All of those things (metal machines, musical copositions, & sentences) are *known* to be the product of humans and nothing else. It would be silly to think they were created by anything else. (Except cats, they are in charge here.)
In everyday life, we constantly infer intelligent causes based on the nature of the thing itself.
Yes, we do. For things made by people, intelligent causation is assumed even when the person who is the cause is unknown or unseen. For things that ARE NOT made by people, to infer intelligent cause is to assume outside our ability to know.
Life is filled with such evidence: DNA is a coded language,
DNA is a chemical. When it interacts with another chemical it uncoils, then additional types of chemicals attach to it, etc. Gene activity is related to how many copies are in a cell.
the cell is like a miniature factory,
It is a bag of chemicals reacting according to the laws of chemistry inside a cell wall or boundary.
and the universe is fine-tuned for life.
It isn't. Life like ours is possible here, so life like ours could develop. Because there is life that can ask "why" we do. If there was no life there would be no one around to care why there wasn't.
These things point to intelligence, not chance.
They make excuses to *claim* there was intelligent causation, but they are not evidence of it, per se.
 
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BCP1928

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You said that "recognizing design is not the same as showing design." I understand your point, but let me ask: when we see organized, purposeful complexity, like in a jet engine, a symphony, or even a simple sentence, is it unreasonable to infer design, even if we don’t see the designer at work? In everyday life, we constantly infer intelligent causes based on the nature of the thing itself. Life is filled with such evidence: DNA is a coded language, the cell is like a miniature factory, and the universe is fine-tuned for life. These things point to intelligence, not chance.

Let’s just consider DNA. We would laugh at someone who claimed that a book fell together by itself. That black ink just rained down from the sky, formed letters on a page, and somehow arranged those letters into words, sentences, and chapters that make sense. Then, colored ink fell and made beautiful illustrations of animals and landscapes. Then page numbers fell into the corners, all in the correct order. Finally, the pages bound themselves together into a complete book. We’d scoff at that because it’s absurd.
And yet, every one of us carries a book inside us, our DNA. It is a highly complex, information-rich code that tells your body how to function, develop, and repair itself. DNA contains more information than any book ever written. In fact, if you stretched out all the DNA in your body, it would reach to the moon and back multiple times.
So, if it’s unthinkable to believe that a simple book made itself by accident, how much more unreasonable is it to believe that the biological book of life, our DNA, formed itself through unguided processes? Information demands intelligence.

Now, regarding evolution, let’s return to the scientific method, which is based on:
"The collection of data through observation and experimentation."
To be considered scientifically proven, a theory must be observable, testable, repeatable, and able to be proven wrong if the evidence goes against it.
Darwinian evolution, by definition, cannot be directly observed or repeated, especially when it is said to happen over millions of years. No one has ever observed one kind of animal slowly turning into another with a new body plan. At best, we observe small changes within species (microevolution), but the kind of large-scale transformation required by Darwinian theory (macroevolution) is assumed, not observed.
So, how can you test a process that supposedly happened 60 million years ago? You can’t. It doesn't meet the criteria of scientific proof. It’s not empirical science; it’s a historical interpretation of past events based on limited evidence. It ultimately requires faith, faith in chance, deep time, and natural processes to create things we have no evidence they can produce.

Meanwhile, Jesus Christ, who claimed to be the Creator (John 1:1–3), said, "In the beginning, God made them male and female." (Mark 10:6). As a Christian, I choose to trust the One who rose from the dead and who was there “in the beginning,” over a theory that rests on assumptions and cannot be tested by the scientific method.
And this isn't just blind belief. Romans 1:20 says, "For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that people are without excuse."
In other words, the design and order we see in creation is the evidence of the Creator. God has made Himself known through what He has made, and it takes more faith to deny that than to believe it.

In the end, it comes down to this: who or what do you put your faith in? Blind, unguided chance, or the words of Jesus, the Creator?


Thanks for the reply. I do understand what biological evolution is claimed to be, "descent with modification" and changes in allele frequencies over time. And I agree that microevolution, small changes within a species, is observable. We see variation, adaptation, and even speciation (like new varieties of finches or bacteria resistance). But we do not see Darwinian evolution. That is fish turning into cats. Here's the key point: Microevolution is not the same as molecules-to-man macroevolution.
Changing allele frequencies within a population does not explain how entirely new body plans, organs, or types of creatures come into existence. You can breed dogs for size or colour all day, but you’ll never get a cat. Speciation, in the sense of slight reproductive differences, doesn’t equal the kind of large-scale innovation Darwinian evolution requires.

So yes, I'd be open to examples of macroevolution, but they need to show more than just variation within a kind. If you’re saying macroevolution is proven, then can you show:
-The step-by-step formation of a brand-new organ?
-A clear transitional path from one major animal group to another (not just assumed from similarity)?
-The origin of new genetic information, not just the reshuffling or loss of existing genes?

Because that’s the real debate, not whether small changes occur, but whether small changes can build entirely new kinds of creatures over time. If you have evidence of that, I’d genuinely be interested to see it.

You’ve brought up a lot of fossil examples and genetic evidence, and I appreciate your willingness to dig deep into the topic. But I think it’s important to step back and ask, "What exactly is being claimed, and what is actually being observed?"

You mentioned transitional series like birds, tetrapods, and whales. But all of those are interpretations based on similarities in fossils, often with large gaps and a great deal of assumption that one form gave rise to another over time. The fossils themselves are static snapshots, they don’t show the actual step-by-step transitions, mechanisms, or genetic pathways. In many cases, these fossils appear suddenly, and often side-by-side with supposedly "primitive" forms.

As for Dr. Kurt Wise, I’m aware of his quote, but it’s worth noting that even he doesn’t accept that these series demonstrate Darwinian evolution. He believes these patterns are explained by common design, not common ancestry. He acknowledges the presence of fossil patterns but interprets them within a creationist framework. Quoting him as if he supports macroevolution is misleading.

Regarding genetics and phylogenies, yes, we can compare genes, and we can see similarities. But similarity does not prove descent. A human-written book and a software manual might have similar formatting and vocabulary, but that doesn’t mean one evolved from the other by chance. It means they likely share a common mind or designer using similar structures.

Also, you mentioned that we don’t find mammals with feathers or lobsters with bones, and I agree. But that doesn’t prove evolution. It actually underscores stability within kinds, not transformation from one kind to another. If macroevolution were happening constantly over millions of years, we’d expect to see many more mosaic forms or odd mixes, not just clean separations between groups.

So again, the real issue isn’t whether you can line up fossils and say, “this looks like it could be a transition.” The question is:
Can gradual, step-by-step processes truly account for the origin of brand-new body plans, organs, and genetic information?
That’s where Darwinian evolution continues to fall short, not in explaining small changes, but in explaining innovation.

If you have evidence of a genuine step-by-step process showing the origin of a new organ system or a new phylum, I’d be open to seeing that. But just lining up fossils based on similarity doesn’t demonstrate that process; it assumes it.

Also, on the topic of genetics, yes, humans share a lot of genetic similarities with other living things, like the chimpanzee. But similarity doesn’t prove common descent; it just shows shared features. Did you know that humans share around 60% of their DNA with a banana?

But no one seriously thinks that means my great-great-great-great grandfather was a banana. That would be absurd. It simply shows that living things share common building blocks, just like different books might use the same alphabet or similar phrases, without being copied from one another. Similarity can just as easily point to a common designer using efficient patterns, not random evolution from a fruit tree.

So again, the core question isn’t whether living things share DNA, it’s whether random mutations and natural selection can actually build the amount of complexity and information we see in life. And that has never been demonstrated.
If evolution worked the way you think it does, you are right, it wouldn't work. But I gather that you don't care so much about the actual mechanism of evolution but are concerned that you see no way for Divine Providence to be expressed through it. Is that right?
 
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The Barbarian

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You said that "recognizing design is not the same as showing design." I understand your point, but let me ask: when we see organized, purposeful complexity, like in a jet engine, a symphony, or even a simple sentence, is it unreasonable to infer design, even if we don’t see the designer at work?
Ironically, some jet engines look as though they were designed, but were in fact the result of evolutionary processes:

Would it be "reasonable" to infer design, even if there was no designer? Yes, it looks like it was designed, but it wasn't.

Let’s just consider DNA. We would laugh at someone who claimed that a book fell together by itself.
And here, you've confused a designed artifact, with a natural substance. Would you like to learn what we know about the way nucleic acids formed?

But once again, you've confused the origin of life with evolution.

You’ve brought up a lot of fossil examples and genetic evidence, and I appreciate your willingness to dig deep into the topic. But I think it’s important to step back and ask, "What exactly is being claimed, and what is actually being observed?"
Notice that even a YE creationist who is familiar with the evidence, admits that it's "very good evidence for macroevolutionary theory." That's a very strong claim, but he cites a very large body of evidence. He prefers to believe his interpretation of scripture, but he's too honest to deny the facts.

The genetic evidence, from a completely different source, backs up the evidence from the fossil record. Keep in mind, Dr. Wise is not citing a few scattered fossils;, he's citing numberous examples of transitional series. And as I mentioned, we see no such series or genetic data where there shouldn't be any, according to evolutionary theory.

In many cases, these fossils appear suddenly, and often side-by-side with supposedly "primitive" forms.
Ah, the old creationist "if you're alive, your uncle must be dead" argument. Why would you assume that when a new a species evolves, the old species must go extinct?

Regarding genetics and phylogenies, yes, we can compare genes, and we can see similarities. But similarity does not prove descent.
We can check that with the genes of organisms of known descent. It always works. Show us a counter-example.

Also, you mentioned that we don’t find mammals with feathers or lobsters with bones, and I agree. But that doesn’t prove evolution.
It merely shows that transitional forms are not random things; they are the result of evolutionary processes. If each of those organisms were created and not evolved, where would be no point in them fitting evolutionary theory precisely.

The question is:
Can gradual, step-by-step processes truly account for the origin of brand-new body plans, organs, and genetic information?
You could answer that by showing that (for example) gradual steps could not form mammals from reptiles. If you check, I think you'll be surprised. But by all means show us.

Also, on the topic of genetics, yes, humans share a lot of genetic similarities with other living things, like the chimpanzee. But similarity doesn’t prove common descent; it just shows shared features.
As I said we can check that by looking at the genes of organisms of known descent. And your assumption is falsified. Shared features are not the same thing as common descent. Would you like some examples?

But no one seriously thinks that means my great-great-great-great grandfather was a banana.
If that was true, evolutionary theory would be in big trouble. Again, not knowing what evolutionary theory says, is causing you a good deal of trouble here.

Similarity can just as easily point to a common designer using efficient patterns
No, you're confusing analogy with homology. Old world and new world vultures have shared features. But they are analogous; they aren't very closely related at all. Old world vultures evolved from raptors, like eagles and hawks. New world vultures share a common ancestor with storks. Would you like to see how we know?

So again, the core question isn’t whether living things share DNA, it’s whether random mutations and natural selection can actually build the amount of complexity and information we see in life.
And that has been repeatedly demonstrated. Perhaps you can explain how we calculate information in a population and how mutation affect the genetic information in a population. Tell us about it.
 
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Bradskii

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Changing allele frequencies within a population does not explain how entirely new body plans, organs, or types of creatures come into existence. complexity and information we see in life. And that has never been demonstrated.
So something that lived underwater, a fish for example, could never evolve into something that could walk about on land, breathe air and...I dunno...climb trees.

And does God design each leaf? And each snowflake? And each grain of sand?
 
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The Barbarian

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So something that lived underwater, a fish for example, could never evolve into something that could walk about on land, breathe air and...I dunno...climb trees.
Well...
1750899299165.jpeg
 
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1Tonne

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So is literally God designing each single leaf? And each snowflake? And the shape of each grain of sand?
That’s actually a good question, and it points to the beauty and intentionality in creation.

The Bible teaches that God is both the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. That doesn’t mean He’s manually designing every individual leaf or snowflake like an artist painting each one by hand in real time, but it does mean that He created the laws and systems that govern how they form.
Take snowflakes, for example. They form through natural processes, but those processes are governed by precise physical laws (temperature, humidity, crystal structure of water molecules, etc.) that God designed. The result is that every snowflake is unique, yet formed by the same ordered system. That points not to randomness, but to a Creator who built beauty and order into nature.
The same goes for leaves and grains of sand — they follow patterns, growth instructions (like DNA), and physical laws that didn’t invent themselves. These things don’t come from chaos; they come from a universe that is finely tuned and deeply ordered, reflecting the wisdom and creativity of the One who made it.

So, no. God isn’t hand-carving each sand grain like a craftsman on a bench. But yes, He is the one who made the systems and rules by which all these things are formed. That’s not just poetic, it’s powerful evidence for a Designer behind it all.

This is really the only part of the comment worth responding to because it shows the flaw of your reasoning: the theory of evolution is not a religious belief nor a religion. It is not theological, nor moralistic, nor talks about ethics or ethos. It is merely a scientific way to explain how and why animal populations adapt and change biologically in regards to changes in their environment. It is not something for anyone to belief in in place of another belief. It is simple looking at the world and describing things that we see.

There are millions of Christians in the world who accept evolution as the scientific fact it is and still call Jesus Christ the Son of God their saviour. They are only incompatible if you think as you do.

Your commentary, in that light, is absolutely and completely worthless since you've come at this from a flawed premise to begin with.
I understand your point that evolution is presented as a scientific theory explaining how species change over time. But let’s be honest, Darwinian evolution isn’t just about observable adaptation (which I don’t deny); it’s about the deep-time claim that all life came from a common ancestor by unguided natural processes, without a Creator. That is a belief because it goes beyond what can be directly observed, tested, or repeated.

If someone says, “All life on earth came from a single-celled organism that formed by chance 3.5 billion years ago,” they are making a historical and philosophical claim, not a testable scientific experiment. You can’t rewind the clock and run that process again. So yes, faith is involved, whether in God or in a naturalistic story about the past. It’s not science vs. religion, it’s worldview vs. worldview, both interpreting the same evidence.

You mentioned that many Christians accept evolution. That’s true, but it doesn’t make the theory immune to critique. It just means some people try to reconcile two systems that ultimately conflict at the foundation:
-Evolution says we are the product of time, chance, and death.
-The Bible says we are the product of divine creation, made in God’s image, from the beginning, male and female.
Jesus Himself said, “In the beginning, God made them male and female” (Mark 10:6). So yes, this is a faith issue for me, I choose to trust the words of Jesus over the assumptions of a theory that can’t even pass the scientific method's own standards for testability and observation.

So, to say my reasoning is "worthless" just because it starts from a different worldview isn’t an argument, it’s just dismissal. I’m not rejecting science. I’m simply challenging the interpretation of the evidence and affirming that faith in the Creator makes better sense of the complexity, beauty, and purpose we see in the world.
Yes, we do. For things made by people, intelligent causation is assumed even when the person who is the cause is unknown or unseen. For things that ARE NOT made by people, to infer intelligent cause is to assume outside our ability to know.
I appreciate your point that we confidently infer intelligent causes when it comes to things obviously made by people, even if we don't know the specific person behind them. But I think the principle behind inferring intelligent causation isn’t limited to human-made objects alone.

In everyday reasoning, when we see complex order, purposeful design, or functionality, things that reliably point to intelligence, we naturally infer an intelligent cause because intelligence is the best explanation we have for such features. This applies whether the cause is human or otherwise.

The fact that some things aren’t “made by people” doesn’t mean we have to abandon inference altogether or claim it’s beyond our ability to know. Rather, it challenges us to consider what kind of cause fits best with the evidence. For example, when we see the intricate complexity and fine-tuning in biological systems, many argue that the most reasonable explanation is an intelligent cause, because chance or purely material processes do not adequately account for that complexity.
So, it’s not about assuming the unknown blindly but applying the same logical principle we use in everyday life: when we see evidence of design, we infer design. Whether or not the cause is human, the reasoning remains consistent.

Consider this example: If you walk into an orchard and see 20 apples scattered randomly under an apple tree, you would naturally conclude they simply fell from the tree. But if you walk into the same orchard and see 20 apples neatly lined up and evenly spaced under the tree, your natural conclusion would be that someone arranged them intentionally.


This shows how our eyes and minds detect order and design, distinguishing between random chance and purposeful arrangement. Similarly, when we observe the intricate order and complexity in nature, it’s reasonable to infer an intelligent cause behind it.

This idea aligns well with Romans 1:20, which says that God's invisible qualities, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen and understood from what has been made. The natural world reveals evidence of intentional design, even to those who might not recognise the Designer immediately.
If evolution worked the way you think it does, you are right, it wouldn't work. But I gather that you don't care so much about the actual mechanism of evolution but are concerned that you see no way for Divine Providence to be expressed through it. Is that right?
Correct, what you’re describing is often called Theistic Evolution, but it raises serious challenges when compared with the biblical account.
The Bible clearly teaches that death entered the world as a direct result of Adam’s sin (Romans 5:12). However, if we accept theistic evolution, it implies that death—both animal and human—existed long before Adam and Eve, since evolution involves countless generations of organisms dying over millions of years.
This creates a tension: either death existed before sin, which contradicts the biblical narrative, or theistic evolution is not a compatible explanation with Scripture. So, it’s not just a difference over mechanism, but over fundamental theological truths about sin and death.
So something that lived underwater, a fish for example, could never evolve into something that could walk about on land, breathe air and...I dunno...climb trees.
God can easily design an animal to do that.
What you need to show me is evidence that fish turned into cats.
CatFish.jpg
 
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