I was doing some study on James 4:7.
It says: "Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.".
The "devil" in Greek in that verse is: διαβόλῳ or diabolo.
In Thayer definition:
1) prone to slander, slanderous, accusing falsely
1a) a calumniator, false accuser, slanderer
2) metaphorically applied to a man who, by opposing the cause of God, may be said to act the part of the devil or to side with him
Part of Speech: adjective
Citing in TDNT: 2:72, 150
In Strong defintion:
From G1225; a traducer; specifically Satan (compare [H7854]): - false accuser, devil, slanderer.
Any of these definitions could also mean a person, is it not?
Also "resist" ἀντίστητε in Greek means to oppose, stand against, resist in Strongs.
Also that Jesus at one time called Peter "Satan" and told some of the Jews that their father is the "devil".
While Jesus submitted to God, He did oppose and stood up against the religious authorities in confirmation of James 4:7.
In other applications, this could mean a more extreme approach - I'm talking about self-defense and even active opposition of evil. Don't think that Jesus didn't do such thing. Remember the instance the angry crowd tried to push Jesus off a cliff to kill Him. Jesus slipped among them unseen. Obvious, there's something supernatural going on in there and it wasn't time for Jesus to die yet.
And then when Jesus violently drove off the merchants off the temple....
It would seem in context of James 4:7. the "devil" may include people.
And how do you make an evil person who's going to do evil to you flee from you?? Well obviously, you have to bare some teeth, even fight them off if necessary!
In the Book of Job, the devil tempted Job to curse God. Job once lived a very prosperous and healthy life. After losing everything, he was tempted to denounce God. He did not denounce God and was able to recover from his misfortunes.
Sometimes we forget all that God has done for us and others. Ingratitude is a dangerous place to be.
The devil is a metaphor. Some neurological disorders were described as demon possession. Jesus healed a boy who was having seizures like an epileptic. His seizures were described attributed to an evil spirit.
Jesus Heals a Boy with an Evil Spirit -- World English Bible (Public Domain)
Mark 9:14 Coming to the disciples, he saw a great multitude around them, and scribes questioning them. 15 Immediately all the multitude, when they saw him, were greatly amazed, and running to him greeted him. 16 He asked the scribes, "What are you asking them?" 17 One of the multitude answered, "Teacher, I brought to you my son, who has a mute spirit; 18 and wherever it seizes him, it throws him down, and he foams at the mouth, and grinds his teeth, and wastes away. I asked your disciples to cast it out, and they weren't able." 19 He answered him, "Unbelieving generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him to me." 20 They brought him to him, and when he saw him, immediately the spirit convulsed him, and he fell on the ground, wallowing and foaming at the mouth. 21 He asked his father, "How long has it been since this has come to him?" He said, "From childhood. 22 Often it has cast him both into the fire and into the water, to destroy him. But if you can do anything, have compassion on us, and help us." 23cJesus said to him, "If you can believe, all things are possible to him who believes." 24 Immediately the father of the child cried out with tears, "I believe. Help my unbelief!" 25 When Jesus saw that a multitude came running together, he rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to him, "You mute and deaf spirit, I command you, come out of him, and never enter him again!" 26 Having cried out, and convulsed greatly, it came out of him. The boy became like one dead; so much that most of them said, "He is dead." 27 But Jesus took him by the hand, and raised him up; and he arose.